United Cereal - 1477 Words

â€Å"United Cereal: Lora Brill’s Eurobrand Challenge† case analysis Question 1. As Lora Brill, United Cereal European VP, would you authorize Jean-Luc Michel’s request to launch of Healthy Berry Crunch in France? Be sure to analyze both sides: Launch and Delay Launch (summarize in a table format and then discuss). Question 2. Does United Cereal represent an example of centralized or decentralized international management? Question 3. What do you think of Brill’s Eurobrand proposals? Should she authorize the launch of Healthy Berry Crunch as the Eurobrand? What concerns do you have? How do you resolve them? Be sure to analyze both sides: Launch and Delay Launch (summarize in a table format and then discuss). Question 4.a. How†¦show more content†¦5) Launch the Healthy Berry Crunch product in France as a test market for the Eurobrand approach as well as to compete with Cheerio’s Berry Burst in this country. 6) After it succeeds, launch the Healthy Berry Crunch in other European markets with the Eurobrand approach, continuing with Germany and Benelux, as those countries are also in favor of Healthy Berry Crunch. At the same time the company would do the further research on other European countries and choose the countries that test results show well to launch the next. 7) If the product and approach appears to be successful, launch the Healthy Berry Crunch in other European markets with the Eurobrand approach. Answer 4.b. According to Lora Brill’s concept, the UC Europe will create â€Å"Eurobrand Teams† which are composed of brand managers from each country subsidiary, delegates from each functional group such as logistics, engineering, RD and so on, and one representative from the appropriate regional division VP’s office. These teams would decide product formulation, market positioning, packaging, advertising, pricing and promotions, as well as finding the ways to reduce costs and increase profitability. In my opinion, this proposal has the following advantages: - Eurobrand Teams modeled on the European Technical Teams that had proved so effective in the past. - Brill’s concept can make the best use of significant resources likeShow MoreRelatedUnited Cereal2271 Words   |  10 PagesUnited Cereal: Lora Brill’s Eurobrand Challenge Introduction: The case is focusing on European division of a giant multinational breakfast food company, which describes a launch decision for a new cereal product. United Cereal (UC) was established in 1910 by Jed Thomas. It was known in the industry, eventually diversified into snack foods, dairy products. By 2010 UC was a $9 billion business, but the breakfast cereals still accounted for one-third of its revenues. As the breakfast cereal trendRead MoreUnited Cereal Company in Europe1457 Words   |  6 PagesPresident of United Cereal (UC), Lora Brill, is confronted by a dilemma: to launch a new product called Healthy Berry Crunch as the first ‘Eurobrand’ or not. A wrong decision may destroy her career, especially since Healthy Berry Crunch is not only a new concept of healthy cereal, but also a pioneer of United Cereal’s Eurobrand, which is different from the company’s usual standards. On the other hand, if she makes the right decision, she may be able to grow the co mpany to a whole new level. United CerealRead MoreUnited Cereal Case1242 Words   |  5 PagesUnited Cereal Case Study I. Key Problem United Cereal is a diversified company established in 1910 by Jed Thomas. The company produces snack foods, dairy products, beverages, frozen foods, baked goods, and cereals. The cereal industry generates one third of United Cereals revenue. United Cereal focuses on â€Å"commitment, diligence, and loyalty† which attracted many people to work for the company. Jed expected his Managers to adhere to a strong set of values and wanted committed Managers thatRead MoreThe Success Of United Cereal1877 Words   |  8 PagesUnited Cereal was founded in 1910 by Jed Thomas. Thomas developed his first cereal product of a cracked wheat, rolled oats, and malt flakes and started promoting and selling his product in his own grocery store located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. For the last 100 years, United Cereal has been known as a diversified industry that provides a different variety of snack foods, dairy product, beverages, drinks, baked goods, and frozen foods. According to Harvard Busin ess School during 2010 United CerealRead MoreUnited Cereal1105 Words   |  5 PagesUnited Cereal was an organization embodied with a strong set of core values. They believed in commitment, diligence and loyalty; attracted people to work for the company and promoted managers from within. Their managers were committed to â€Å"The UC Way† and certain deeply rooted beliefs like: †¢ â€Å"Listen to the customer†-led them to pioneer the use of research and focus groups. †¢ â€Å"Spot the trend, make the market†- led then to place high value on extensive market testing prior to launching new productsRead MoreCereal Is A Common Household Breakfast Item Developed By The United States And Produced Using Processed Grains1509 Words   |  7 Pages Cereal is a common household breakfast item developed in the United States and produced using processed grains. In 1830, Dr. Sylvester Graham, a Presbyterian minister, in expressing his distaste for the traditional carnivorous English breakfast and preaching Christian vegetarianism, developed Graham flour , the first modern whole wheat grain flour , and Graham crackers, made of Graham flours. Subsequently, â€Å"Dr. James Jackson of New York, [purchased] large quantities of Graham flour, [baked] themRead MoreUnited Cereal1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"United Cereal: Lora Brill’s Eurobrand Challenge† case analysis Question 1. As Lora Brill, United Cereal European VP, would you authorize Jean-Luc Michel’s request to launch of Healthy Berry Crunch in France? Be sure to analyze both sides: Launch and Delay Launch (summarize in a table format and then discuss). Question 2. Does United Cereal represent an example of centralized or decentralized international management? Question 3. What do you think of Brill’s Eurobrand proposals? Should sheRead MoreThe Success Of United Cereal1728 Words   |  7 PagesUnited Cereal began its European expansion in 1952 by the acquiring a baked goods company in England. It then directly invested in other established companies in order to save costs by utilising their well-established distribution lines and branding products using well known subsidiaries. This expansion aimed to achieve leverage by economies of scale and further increase revenues. The company’s strong shared values, ‘The UC way’, effected their strategies by ensuring the company carried out extensiveRead MoreUnited Cereal Case Study1864 Words   |  8 Pagesthe product now versus increased market visibility and certainly by launching the product later after proper market research. Adding to the pressure to make a quick decision is the rumor that Cereal Partners is planning to launch Berry Burst Cheerios in France, a move t hat could potentially threaten United Cereal’s position as the first mover in the market. In order to make an informed decision on this complex issue, it is prudent to first evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of launching theRead MoreUnited Cereal Case Study Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages The multinational breakfast foods company United Cereal entered European markets in 1952. By the year 2010 Europe ´s breakfast cereal market has grown to a $7 billion business which has proven to be a profitable market segment and therefore attracted various competitors. Only four actors account for 70% of market share in the European markets. Among them are Kellogg which is regarded as UC ´s strongest competitor, ranked first with a 26% share, Cereal Partners, a joint venture between General Mills

Institutions Free Essays

2489 5491 2489 5491 How does your text communicate information and ideas about institutions and individual experience? Institutions consist of protest, compliance and enforcement. Sometimes institutions harm the individual and sometimes they affect the individual in a positive way. The two texts, Shawshank Redemption (film) and Scales of Justice (television drama), both demonstrate this well, through various techniques such as narrating throughout the films. We will write a custom essay sample on Institutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both texts are about institutions in the criminal justice system. The text, Shawshank Redemption, portrays institutions as having a negative impact on the individual. In particular, it focuses on the strict elements of institutional life within prisons. These include set routines and structures that must be followed by the inmates. Schedules are enforced. A bell rings, doors open, prisoners step out and line up for morning head count. Enforcement and compliance are essential in the institution. Throughout the film one of the main characters ‘Red† is narrating, this communicates a different perspective of the effect institutions have on individuals. He expresses this when he says, â€Å"I’m telling you,  these walls are funny. First you hate them. Then you get used to them. Enough time passes, it gets so you depend on them. That’s institutionalised. † This quote shows a negative impact institutions can have on an individual, instead of wanting to be back in society they become dependent on set routines. The film also communicates the idea that once an individual has been institutionalised for a certain period of time, it becomes almost impossible for them to adapt back into society when they are released from prison. One way this is communicated is by the inmate Brooks’ protest against leaving Shawshank. Brooks has been in Shawshank for an extended amount of time, prison life and routine is now all he seems to know. It becomes obvious to the audience that even he feels he will not be able to adapt back into society. So terrified of leaving prison, he threatens to stab a fellow inmate so that his sentence will be extended, allowing him to stay in Shawshank. This results in Brooks taking his own life when he is finally released, emphasising the earlier reflection made by Red that some individuals can no longer survive without the institutional way of life. Scales of Justice (Act 1) is about a young and eager probationary constable (Webber) who is graduating from the police academy and has started to work for a police station. The audience sees that he is quiet young and naive through techniques like him twirling his gun around his finger like a young boy would with a toy gun. However as the text progresses we are see that Webber goes through stages of being ecstatic about his new job and not being able to wait to help society as they are â€Å" a walking conscience†, and loving the â€Å"perks† of the job, for example getting discounts on things like food and a car. The audience begins to find that the police station is one that is quite corrupt. As Webber beings to realise this, we see that the institution is having a negative effect on him by killing his dreams of being a walking conscience of society. At first this just makes him a little uncomfortable, but when it comes to actually seeing the corruption first hand (finding the fur coat in his locker) it brings things into perspective for him. 2489 5491 2489 5491 For a few days, the Webber considers keeping the stolen fur coat, as he takes it home with him. This is an example of the institution affecting is once very strong and clear conscience, this is the institution having a negative effect on him. Eventually, the guilt of possessing stolen property becomes too much for Webber, and he turns the coat into the head sergeant. Webber confesses that Sergeant O’Rourke was the one who took it and placed it in his locker. This results in more corruption which leads to Webber being dismissed from the police force. This is because the internal affairs investigator says Webber is lying and took the coat himself, when really the audience knows that he is dismissed because he turned on a fellow police officer. So in the end we see that being the â€Å"walking conscience† for society didn’t turn out so well for Webber. In conclusion, Shawshank Redemption and Scales of Justice; The Job, both communicate information and ideas about institutions and the individual experience. They both show the aspects of protest, enforcement and compliance within institutions and how the individual is affected through the institution, whether it is in a positive or negative way. How to cite Institutions, Essay examples

The Power of Music Essay Example For Students

The Power of Music Essay When people speak, their language is Just like lyrics; they speak in a certain tone, which adds emotion to the words. Music is a universal language; it can inspire anyone. It seems like people all around the world are united under one common language, music. Some of the greatness of music, however, lies in its holistic nature: that all the elements form a unique wholeness which may not be understood by studying the parts separately. However, complex music is readily appreciated by the mind without the need of formal knowledge. It is amazing that everyone can feel USIA in the same way; the beat, the melody, and the rhythm can actually bridge the gap between different cultures. Literally, music is everywhere and people are living amid its melody. Additionally, music has the power to touch emotional beings and evoke feelings that can not be described in words. A lot of people listen to their I-pods and spontaneously move their fingers, following the beat of the music. It is scientifically proven that music affects brain function. Also, music has the power to take listeners away from the real world. It sometimes soaks people into nostalgia and creates an esthetics and melodious ambiance. Imagine a Jazz bar without music. It would be awkward; the romance would dissipate and the thrill would die. Music literally creates ambiance; an environment where people can indulge in memories. It invokes mental imagery and inner scenery that opens peoples minds to amazing insight and spans the distance between the stars. Music has dazzled generations, and is known for bringing a sense of unity and peace to the human soul. Amid the contemptuous anger of the soldiers in Vietnam, there was music to be heard. What music? I am interested in knowing more? ) From he battle-cries of the ancients, drums echoed, to the plantations where the oppressed toiled against the injustices of man, singing rang over the fields. The essence of music cannot be summed up with one single phrase because it tells the story of humanity. What must be understood is that music cannot be taken only as kind of sound, but a n ote that explains the passions of man. Music remains cultured, and culture adheres to music The study of music is an important aspect of the study of history. Through the lyrics of a song, one can hear the disparities between the people and the world around. It can be a cry to relive the tension of everyday life, or it could be a business that governs the life itself. In any case, the story of music is inextricably bound with The Power of Music Essay By cubbyhole shaped cultures. Music brings us back to the times where love prevailed, or when sadness tarnished the heart. We must remind ourselves of the struggles and the toils that we as humans have faced and through music we are able to do so. From the thrill of a note, to the rustling of leaves, to the passion that lies deep within the soul music can only be the true medicine. Trends, fashions, cultures, politics and inhumanity have progressed and formed through music. Music is the Rosetta stone of human emotion. Furthermore, music has stood the tests of time. Throughout civilization, music has been a stepping-stone to which empires are built. In ancient Mesopotamia, records show that Sumerian music notation existed back in the forth millennium. Having been influenced by the changes in social conditions, new genres have been created and new trends have been settled. It is a fact that music is here to stay whether for better or for worst. Music has changed things. It has brought essential influences on politics, culture and society. Even in Greek mythology, there was Orpheus, who with his music and singing, could charm birds, fishes and wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance, and even divert the course of rivers. Even in Hades his song and lyre did not lose their power. Like this, music has always been regarded powerful and stood the tests of time. Beyond inspiring, music can save peoples lives. A Brief Summary on Rock and Roll EssayIn 1984, a charity band was formed by an Irish musician, Bob Gelded. A BBC report that aired, highlighting the famine in Ethiopia, motivated Bob. This musicians firm mind to help those victims of this famine and his decisive decision led to the formation of his British Irish band, Band-Aid. The name of this band has a double meaning. At one level it means a band of musicians gathering together to provide aid, but at another level, it is also an acknowledgement of the fact that such a gesture is like putting a sticking plaster on a wound. Applying music as a vehicle to spread his message, Bob Gelded created a new sensation. The album Do they know its Christmas went straight to number one on the I-J singles chart. It was produced by the most popular performers of the time including 132, Duran Duran, Heaven 17, Spandex Ballet, Bananas, etc. The fame of these reformers broken down social boundaries and further enhanced the power of music. It awoke the people, reminding them that while they were having a good time, enjoying Christmas, there were people around the world suffering from hunger. It inspired people and aroused a revolution. During this time of helping and sharing, Christmas time, people were greatly motivated by this song and participated in donations to help people around the world. Listeners could sense an urgency in the lyrics of the song; At Characteristic, we let in light and we banish shade. And in our world of plenty we can spread a smile of Joy. The word we seems to unite people as one. It narrows the distance between the singer and the listener; it penetrates the brain, motivating the listener. In addition, by comparing the lives of listeners and lives of hungry people in Africa, the lyrics help people visualize the serious condition Africa is in. The lyrics remind people of luxuries they have been enjoying and make people appreciate their lives. What awful and painful situations people on the other side of world were in; although we have heard these kinds of stories often, we tend to ignore them. People they are in a certain melody, become much stronger. People hum melodies bounteously after listening to music. They lyrics are naturally memorized in listeners brains. Feed the world, it is easier for people to understand the message through music. The things that extensive news coverage and speeches given by powerful leaders could not accomplish were done by these influential musicians. The influence of music was unstoppable. The British Band Aid project inspired musicians all around the world; including USA for Africa (in the United States), Herrmann (in Latin America), Ba nd fur Africa (in Germany), Chanters Sans Frontiers (in France), Northern Lights (in Canada), Fortune Arrester (in Norway), , Here n Aid international heavy metal artists), and many others. World-wide, people started to pay attention to the afflictions suffered by other members of the world community. The artists (regardless of their nationalities or genres), held their hands together as earth people in order to start this meaningful production of charity albums. This enormous influence brought about by music started a new sensation across the world. Music united people as one against peoples common enemies: hunger, poverty and disease. This even shows how music can actually touch millions of peoples hearts and bring a huge impact to the society. Thanks to advanced technology, the invention of radio further strengthened the power of music. When signals had enough power to go great distances, it became much easier for music to spread. Radio shortened the cultural gap between people and the geographical distance between countries. Different melodies cause different types of feelings. Even if the listener is not a musician, even if the listener does not comprehend the lyrics, he or she can easily understand the message a song conveys. It is a mystic truth, which everyone experiences. It can only be felt, but not proven. The power of music is incredible and amazing.

Nonwoven Hollow Fibers to Improve Cars Interior Acoustic Properties free essay sample

Two kinds of fibers were used, polyester and hollow polyester fibers, both of 6 denier, to produce three different fabrics of 100% polyester fibers, 75% polyester/25% hollow polyester fibers, and 55% polyester45% hollow polyester fibers. Four fabric weights were produced: 300, 400, 500 and 600 g/m2. All samples were bonded using thermal bonding technique. More results were reached and most samples have achieved the expected results for example, samples produced with high percentage of hollow fibers have recorded the highest rates of sound absorption whereas samples produced with 100% polyester fibers have recorded the lowest rates. It was also found that there is a direct relationship between weight per m2 and sound absorption efficiency. Samples produced with 55% polyester/45% hollow polyester fibers and 600 g/m2 have achieved the best results. Keywords: Nonwoven Fabrics, Hollow Fibers, Cars Interior Acoustic Properties, sound Insulation 1. Introduction frequently used in automotive interiors to reduce heat levels (Imfeld et al. as customers expect more comfort, better safety, good appearance (both externally and internally), high performance and good fuel mileage (Mukhopadhyay, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Nonwoven Hollow Fibers to Improve Cars Interior Acoustic Properties or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Textiles make a major contribution towards realizing customers’ expectations due to their advantages which made textiles a preferable material because of their high capacity to take moisture, adjustable porosity, high-pile fibrous surface, low-cost recycling, and the flexibility and diversity in combining textiles with other materials. Bottcher, 2005). Due to the diverse product range, automotive textiles can be classified into upholstery and carpeting (Desai ,2005) which have a decisive influence on acoustic comfort (Laser, 1997) interior components such as head liners, and doors and side panels (Desai, 2005) which are foam backed components to achieve easier installation and improve acoustical properties (Waugh, 1986) and tyres, safety devices (such as seat belts and airbags), filters and engine compartment items (Desai, 2005). When talking about textiles, most people think of clothing, home textile and the like. Only few think about the automotive industry (Wilkens, 2005). In fact, automotive textiles are considered one of the most important markets in the technical textiles sector (Mukhopadhyay, 2000). Over the last decades, the field of non-conventional textiles has been witnessing a material revolution which has resulted in improved and economical products (Tilgul, 1990). The automotive industry has become so competitive that manufacturers are reluctant to divulge precise details of their process for fear that textiles are widely used in transportation vehicles and systems, including cars, trains, buses, airplanes, and marine vehicle (Fung and Hardcastle , 2001) automotive textiles are growth markets in terms of quantity, quality and product variety (Parikh et al. , 2002). it could be helpful to their competitors. Industrial Motor vehicle remains an important means for individual transport worldwide. The interior of transportation vehicles is receiving more attention these days. Acoustical insulation products are * Corresponding author. Tel. : 0020105199359, Fax 0096664224273 E-mail address: [emailprotected] com (Ghalia El-Shenawy) 49 RJTA Vol. 16 No. 3 Aug 2012 1. 1. Noise in Cars Noise has become serious environment pollution in our daily life and is an increasing public health problem, as noise can cause erious health effects such as hearing loss, sleep disturbance, tiredness, cardiovascular and psychophysiologic problems and performance reduction. It is very important to control or reduce noise from traffic, and in factories, offices and houses (Lou et al. , 2005). Car noise is essentially caused by the unit sound, the exhaust system noise, the air suction, noise, rolling and wind noises (Helmer, 2002). Today, the dominant approach to achieving interior quietness relies to a large extent upon the ability to create impermeable enclosures around vehicle occupants through the use of several heavy interior layers (sound transmission loss), but recently a new concept has been emerged suggesting that sound can be reduced by replacing reflection (sound transmission loss) with dissipation (interior sound absorption area) by eliminating heavy barrier layers with light weight porous materials (Buskirk Middleton, 1999). Nonwoven is employed as fabrics for different kinds of interior applications. The numerous applications of nonwoven in cars can be classified into functional and aesthetic but there is a third category that of substitutes for other materials. Nonwoven can be made in a wide range of densities and different forms; the use of nonwoven is increasing because it offers great versatility and cost effectiveness (Adanur, 1995). Each vehicle requires about 20 m2 of nonwoven materials (Lou et al. , 2005) which are used specially for insulation, noise dissipation and as filter materials. Woven and knitted fabrics are also used in producing automotive fabrics but to a lesser extent compared to nonwoven fabrics (Hilden, 2002). 1. 2 Hollow Fibers (nitrogen) in the polymeric solution (in the wet spinning process) or by melt spinning through specially designed spinnerets (Hoechst Celanese Corporation , 1990). Hollow fibers provide greater bulk with less weight; they are therefore often used to make insulation fabrics (Tortora Phyllis, 2002). 2. 2. 1 The Experimental Work Specification of Samples Under Study In order to produce samples under study, the nonwoven technique was applied using cross-laid fiber orientation. Two kinds of textile materials were used: polyester and hollow polyester fibers, both of 6 denier, to produce three different fabrics of 100% polyester fibers, 75% polyester and 25 % hollow polyester fibers and 55% polyester/ 45% hollow polyester fibers. Four fabric weights were also produced: 300, 400, 500,and 600 g/m2 . All samples were bonded using thermal bonding technique (hot air method (by adding a small proportion of low–melting point polyester fibers (about 15% and melting point of 110oC). Tables (1) and (2) illustrate the specification of all sample production. 2. Tests Applied to Samples Under Study Hollow fibers are polymeric fibers that have a continuous hole running down the middle, which is created by the introduction of air or other gas In order to evaluate the performance properties of the produced samples, the following tests were carried out. Test 1: Sound absorption coefficient, this test was carried out according to the ASTM E 1050-1982. The sound (noise) absorption values (%) of samples under study were measured at 6 different frequencies: 125, 250, 500 Hz (low frequency tube) and 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (high frequency tube). Test 2: Air permeability, this test was carried out according to the (ASTM-D 4491-92) Test 3: Fabric thickness, this test was carried out according to the (ASTM- D -1777). 50 RJTA Vol. 16 No. 3 Aug 2012 Table 1. Specification of samples production Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Property Fiber type Fiber count Fiber length Fabrics material Web formation Fabric weight (g/m ) Bonding technique 2 Specification Polyester and hollow polyester fibers 6 denier 64 mm 100 % polyester fibers ,75 %polyester /25 % hollow polyester fibers and 55 % polyester / 45 % hollow polyester fibers. Cross-laid 300,400,500 and 600 Thermal bonding Table 2. Specification of all samples under study Sample no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fabric weight (g/m2) 300 300 300 400 400 400 500 500 500 600 600 600 Fabric material 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 51 RJTA Vol. 16 No. Aug 2012 Table 3. Results of all tests applied to samples under study Tests Sound absorption (%) Air permeability (cm3/cm2/sec)

Sample Size Example

Sample Size Example Sample Size – Coursework Example Application of ANOVA in analysis of the impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric hospitalizations Psychiatric hospitalization Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a commonly used approach in testing of the equality of various means using variance (Derrick, 2008). This analysis of often based on a number of assumptions including: independence of the samples, equal variance in populations and that the populations from which the sample is extracted has a normal or near normal distribution (Derrick, 2008). This paper will apply ANOVA analysis in development of statistical assumptions defining the situation of the impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric hospitalizations. The paper will compare cases of psychiatric hospitalization before, during and after implementation of crisis intervention. In essence, the paper will seek to establish whether the means of the groups are equal and determine if there are any significant differences. The null hypothesis will be evaluated using one way ANOVA and assumes that the mean of two or more populations are equal (Stuttgart, 2007). It will questions whether (H0) the population means for all groups bear equality and whether the differences observed are a result of variations from random sampling (Brian, 2009). The data set to be used in this study is based on two groups. One groups is subjected to crisis intervention, the other group is will not be subjected to crisis intervention. The data will be collected for both groups before implementation of the crisis intervention, during implementation and after implementation. Mathematically, the expressions are expressed as follows:The study will adopt stratified systematic sampling whereby specific populations will be targeted for research. Sample consisting of 60 psychiatric patients will be considered whereby 30 will be subjected to a crisis intervention program while the other part of the targeted population will not be subjected to the crisis intervention program. Data on ho spitalization of both groups will be recorded before, during, and after implementation of the crisis intervention program. ReferencesBrian, S. (2009). Introduction to Statistics. London: McGraw HillDerrick, A. (2008). Research methods applicable to quantitative analysis of data (2th ed.). Worth publishers: New York. Green, S.B. & Salkind, N.J. (2008) Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data (5th ed.) Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey. Stuttgart, W. (2007). ANOVA application to case analysis.Journal of Statistics 14(2), pp. 123-126.

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Singular Possessive Apostrophe By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you please do a post on possessives versus plurals? Im seeing this mistake more and more, to the point where I saw someone use an apostrophe for a plural on a billboard. That wretched, wretched apostrophe! Why can’t we get it straight? The answer is complicated. In this post I’ll explain why the apostrophe is used to form the singular possessive. Its use with plurals will have to wait for another post. The apostrophe came into English from French in the 16th century. The French used the apostrophe to indicate elision: the dropping of a vowel letter. For example, in French l’heure, (â€Å"the hour†), the apostrophe stands in place of the a of the article la. English writers use the apostrophe in the same way, to replace letters in contractions like don’t for â€Å"do not,† and I’ll for â€Å"I will† or â€Å"I shall.† The use of the apostrophe in English would have been straightforward and not at all confusing if it hadn’t been for a complication already existing in the language: the breakdown of noun inflections. In Old English, nouns were spelled with different endings to indicate possession and number (singular or plural). Where modern English uses the apostrophe to show possession, OE used inflections. Here’s a rough idea; king’s horse = mearh cyninges (horse of king) king’s horses = mearas cyninges (horses of king) The -es inflection on cyninges is the equivalent of modern ’s. kings’ horses = mearas cyninga (horses of kings) Cyniga is plural; the inflection -a is the equivalent of putting an apostrophe on the plural kings. The loss of noun inflections has simplified English grammar, but it has also lumbered us with apostrophes to show possession. As early at the 13th century–long before the arrival of the apostrophe–English speakers had become confused about the possessive. Spoken, the possessive ending sounded like â€Å"is.† For example, â€Å"the kinges horse† sounded like â€Å"the king is horse.† Because the pronoun his was pronounced â€Å"is† in unstressed positions, the mistaken idea grew up that the possessive was formed of a noun plus his. In time, this notion enabled Shakespeare and his contemporaries to write constructions like this: [against] the count his galleys I did some service –Othello When the apostrophe was introduced into English orthography in the 16th century, constructions like â€Å"the count his galleys,† â€Å"James his throne,† and â€Å"the king his horse† gave way to â€Å"the count’s galleys,† â€Å"James’s throne,† and â€Å"the king’s horse.† In the mistaken notion that the apostrophe was replacing the word his, the singular possessive was born. The French sagely managed to avoid getting the apostrophe mixed up with the possessive by sticking with the â€Å"of the† construction, as in â€Å"la plume de ma tante†: â€Å"the pen of my aunt† (i.e., my aunt’s pen). We could save ourselves a lot of apostrophe grief by going back to â€Å"the horse of the king† and â€Å"the horses of the kings.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words26 Feel-Good Words8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Elimination of the Quality Issues and the Retention of Business Case Study - 5

Elimination of the Quality Issues and the Retention of Business - Case Study Example Quality is an aspect which has gained importance and recognition around the world. The three components of quality which are quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement on a constant basis have become the core functions of numerous organizations since consumers are now well informed and not ready to compromise on quality. As the case suggests, the quality standards set by Presto Cleaners clearly did not meet the consumers’ standards and resulted in a lot of problems for the consumers (Dale B, van der Wiele T, van Iwaarden J, 2007).   Quality standards, in this case, did not revolve around the quality of the product itself but the means used to communicate and transfer the service to the consumer. Quality management must then be implemented whereby quality assurance is guaranteed both with the products and the processes used to deliver the service altogether. Without the implementation of appropriate quality standards, preferably those that are in line with the principles and guidelines set by the ISO standards of quality, an organization will not be able to effectively conduct business and might even fail to retain let alone attract new business. This was exactly what happened in the case of Presto Cleaners; Mr. Shelton was not satisfied with the services Presto Cleaners had provided and demanded compensation for the loss incurred by him or else lose out on business.  The objectives for which one chooses a product or service maintain a direct link with quality i.e. if the purpose for which the service, in this case, is chosen is not fulfilled the consumer would face quality issues (Howard S. Gitlow, 2005). When the Presto Cleaners opened their doors to customers, Mr. and Mrs. Shelton chose this service mainly because of the convenient location, suitable working hours and most importantly the friendliness and helpful nature of the staff. However, the cost was higher than competitors located in the vicinity, the Shelton’s gave Pre sto preference because they wanted to seek the quality services even if they had to pay higher costs for it.

BUS law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

BUS law - Essay Example Once a police officer stops a vehicle for any kind of traffic offence, the basic standards as set out in Terry v Ohio must be followed. The first Terry condition stipulates that a traffic stop begins at the point when the vehicle is stopped and ends when the officer conducting the investigation tells the occupants that they can go. In Arizona v. Johnson, the standard that should be followed to an officer’s pat down of a passenger during a traffic stop is based on whether the officer reasonably suspects that the individual in question is armed and dangerous. The law does not require the officer conducting the investigation during a traffic stop to have a search warrant. His suspicion of the driver and/or passenger being armed and dangerous is enough to warrant a pat down. However, if the officer does not suspect the vehicle occupants of being armed and dangerous, then it would not be lawful to conduct a pat down as doing so would be infringing on the individual’s constit utional rights. Work Cited Supreme Court of United States. Arizona v. Johnson, 129 S. Ct. 781, 2009. Web. 18 July 2011.

Leading Strategic Program Management Essay Example for Free

Leading Strategic Program Management Essay Some people might say a good leaders is born that way. It is true that some individuals have a natural instinct to lead people, but they also have tools to help them in their success. In watching the movie Twelve O’clock High we see different types of leadership. Why is Colonel Keith Davenport’s leadership ineffective in comparison to General Frank Savage’s leadership? With all the men of the 918th Bomb Group loyal to Colonel Davenport, what steps does Gen Savage take to not only win their loyalty but make them an effective team? While working on a project is a lot different than fighting a war, we see how good leadership techniques, trust, good communication, developing leaders, and instilling a sense of pride can turn around the poorest of teams. If you have an ineffective leader, chances are the team will be ineffective. There were many deficiencies in Colonel Davenport’s leadership style. Colonel Davenport was more focused on each individual in his group than he was on the mission at hand. He had the loyalty of his men but failed to lead them. When one of his men failed to accomplish their mission or messed up, Colonel Davenport assumed responsibility and failed to discipline them. When Colonel Davenport received orders to push his men to the maximum potential, he wouldn’t, for fear of burning them out. While Colonel Davenport could not see his deficiencies in his leadership, it could be seen by the commanding General of the VIII Bomber Command, Eighth Air Force. General Pritchard brought Brigadier General Frank Savage in to see if he could fix not only the leadership problem but the productivity of the men in the 918th Bomb Group. When Brigadier Frank Savage arrived at the 918th Bomb Group he went right to work. One of the first items on his agenda was restoring the military standards that had become very laidback. We see this in a couple of scenes. He reprimands the gate guard for not checking his identification card upon entering the base. When he walks into his new office he catches Sergeant Mclllheny typing without his uniform top on. Brigadier General Savage immediately reduces him in rank and tells him why. Word soon travels around the base that they must adhere to the military standards and rules. Once Brigadier General Savage has made it clear that he will restore accountability and standards he calls a meeting to set his expectations clear. In this meeting Brigadier General Savage lets everyone know that they have a job to do and they need to stop feeling sorry for themselves. He tells everyone that from this point on they will be held accountable for their mistakes. Brigadier General Savage then informs everyone that since they are performing poorly, they will practice over and over again until they get it right. This infuriates the pilots and they immediately put in for a transfer. Once Brigadier General Savage has made his expectations clear, he begins gathering support from others. Major Stovall is the group Adjutant who works directly for Brigadier General Savage. Brigadier General Savage begins asking Major Stovall’s opinions on individuals in the unit. He takes the advice given to him by Major Stovall. Major Stovall begins to see that Brigadier General Savage is a great leader and he has a plan to get the 918th Bomb Group back on track. Major Stovall becomes a loyal hard working member of the 918th Bomb Group. He can see that Brigadier General Savage is committed to his job. A trust is built between the two men. â€Å"Trust is at the core of all meaningful relationships. Without trust there can be no giving, no bonding, no risk-taking† (Berkun, 2008, p. 242). He then begins to talk to the other men and gather support and trust for Brigadier General Savage. The next item on Brigadier General Savage’s agenda is to develop leaders in the 918th Bomb Group. When Brigadier General Savage is reviewing everyone’s personnel records he  notices that the second in charge is underperforming. Lt Colonel Ben Gately is immediately fired from his position and place in charge of a plane full of underachievers. He informs Lt Colonel Gately that he will receive every lazy nonperforming person who comes into the 918th Bomb Group. If Lt Colonel Gately wants to survive he needs to step up to the plate and become a good leader. The plane that Lt Colonel Gately is in charge of is called the Leper Colony. By doing this, Brigadier General Savage is giving Lt Colonel Gately a way to prove his leadership. This method of leadership works very well on Lt Colonel Gately, because he begins to perform exceptionally well. Lt Colonel Gately even flies with an injured spine. Brigadier General Savage can see the 918th Bomb Group is turning around into an effective unit. He then sets out to develop a sense of pride in the group. Savage praises them for their performance and what they have achieved as a group. He begins promoting excellence in everything they do. On days where there is no mission they practice to get it perfect. Individuals who show outstanding performance in the Leper Colony get promoted out and those who make mistakes move to the Leper Colony. Results from all their hard team work began to pay off. When the 918th Bomb Group goes on a dangerous mission they return with everyone. The whole unit is put in for a commendation. While Savage has turned the unit around he still has trouble communicating to his people. Communication is a major part of being an effective leader. While Savage has begun communicating very well with Major Stovall, he still had trouble communicating with his pilots and ground crew. Only when he finally sits down and communicates with a young pilot named Bishop, do the other pilots removed their request to be transferred to another unit. Savage was trying to keep his distance from his pilots. He felt that not becoming emotionally involved with his pilots would help create a barrier. Savage cared about every single person in his unit, but he kept his emotions inside which was the cause of his breakdown. Looking at a project manager or leader of a company, it is easy to see why you would want someone like Brigadier General Savage in charge. He arrived  at the 918th Bomb Group with a clear and direct sense of responsibility. He knew what he had to do and he knew it was not going to be a popularity contest. While Brigadier General Savage had trouble communicating to everyone, he understood his people, their motivations, and the emotions they were feeling. It is important when you are in charge of a project to know the people you will be working with. There needs to be trust between you and your employees. As the project manager when you say you will do something, you must ensure you follow through. Brigadier General Savage demanded that the members of the 918th Bomb Group give him loyalty, respect, integrity, and selfless service. He in turn not only gave the same right back, he gave them leadership, direction, and a sense of self-worth. By the time Brigadier General Savage left the 918th Bomb Group, they were able to continue their mission under any good leader who took over. As a leader, you have to take responsibility for the decisions you make. You must inspire your people and establish teamwork. Sometimes being a leader is not an easy job, but with the right set of tools you can be an effective leader. â€Å"Where there is no guidance the people fall, but in the abundance of counselors there is a victory† (Proverbs 11: 14). Reference Berkun, S. (2008). Making Things Happen. Sebastopol, CA: OReilly Media, Inc. New International Version. (1970). Thomas Nelson Inc.

Class Consciousness in Country Music :: Music Musical Class Essays

Class Consciousness in Country Music The term class consciousness, like any term which attempts to define group mentality, is somewhat imprecise. This lack of precision, of course, lends itself to the provocation of scholarly dispute. Historians of the labor movement in the United States have written volumes about both the meaning of class consciousness and the question of whether American workers possess it, however defined. While there are some demurs, most historians, including the non-Marxists, have accepted a Marxist interpretation of the term "class consciousness."1 Generally, Marxists insist that class consciousness is composed of two elements, a recognition by a particular group that they occupy a common, usually inferior, position within a society, and a commitment to changing that position through some type of political activity. "Class consciousness," according to an oft-cited definition by the English Marxist historian E.P. Thompson, "happens when some men, as a result of common experiences (inherited or sha red) feel and articulate the identity of their interests as between themselves, and as against other men whose interests are different from (and usually opposed to) theirs. The class experience is largely determined by the productive relations into which men are born or enter voluntarily.2 Regardless of how class consciousness is defined, most historians of the labor movement in the United States, Marxists and non-Marxists alike, agree that American workers never developed it. Their explanations of why this is so, however, vary. Some of the more acceptable explanations for this lack of class consciousness among American laborers are the racial and ethnic minorities within the work force, the greater social mobility of the American worker compared to that of his European counterpart and the generally higher wages received by American workers, which it is claimed, allows them to join the middle class. Recent historians have identified as a cause republican virtues nourished by the American Revolution which established a political democracy in the United States before the coming of the Industrial Revolution.3 The failure of American workers to become class conscious in the Marxist sense does not, however, indicate a willingness to accept the status quo. Rather American workers were acutely aware of their inferior economic and social status. The method they chose to improve their status was trade unionism, not politics. Trade unionism sprang from what Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor termed class awareness, a camaraderie among workers devoid of political consideration. This class awareness of American laborers, historians contend, is evident in the long, arduous and ultimately successful struggle to build a trade union movement.

Learning Team Deliverable Week

Walter and Traction. The customers and subscribers of the internet and cell phone service started sharing information with each other and decide to file a class action suit against Walter and Traction. Class Action Fairness Act (CAFE) is at the national level of Tort reform legislation. This type of legislation must consist of 1 00 members and citizen from various states. â€Å"Intentional tort disparagement is the publishing of a false statement of a material fact about a business's product or service† (Subtask, Browne,Heron, Geometry-Meyer, Barracks, Doge, & Williamson, 2012). Suggestion to President/Owner—-Divvies Hernandez Even though what Traction is doing is not illegal and I'm sure was clearly stated in the customer agreement that was signed by the customer its sometimes best to settle than to waist money and take your chances on someone else deciding whether the company should be help legally responsible. The owner or whomever is making the decisions should deci de on what the person or group of people are trying to get out of this case is worth settling on.If the complaint is that they weren't given what they thought they were given than the company may want to give them what they expected for the time period that the service was paid for. With prepay payment is usually made one month at a time so the company may want to give them a free month with the expectations they had with their service and clearly state what the future agreement will be after the settlement has been taken care of. The company will than need to change advertising and contract agreements disclosure to make sure this is prevented in the future.

Similar Motifs Between Wuthering Heights And Hamlet English Literature Essay

The human head is comprised of a myriad of personalities, emotions, and provinces, all of which greatly influence the manner we act. Many writers now explore these deep crevasses of the human mind, and show their overpowering power over others, changing the natural class of life greatly. Two such literary plants that investigate mental power are Hamlet and Wuthering Heights. William Shakespeare ‘s and Emily Bronte ‘s texts both have comparatively similar motives, the most outstanding of which are the suppression of young person, fury, and retaliation. The suppression of young person by their higher-ups can be seen in both transitions. Hamlet is usurped by his intriguing uncle Claudius, who stepped in to take the throne, even though it truly belonged to the immature prince. When Young Fortinbras of Norway was repressed by his uncle, who had besides taken the throne rightful to him, his uncle clearly had power over him, as Claudius announces, â€Å" we have here writ / to Norway, uncle of immature Fortinbras / – Who, impotent and bedrid, barely hears / Of this his nephew ‘s purpose – to supress / His farther pace herein † ( Shakespeare I.ii.27-31 ) . Claudius believes that the uncle does hold formidable power over Fortinbras and has the ability to discontinue his mobilisation of military personnels, if it be directed at Denmark. After the passing of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became the proprietor of the Heights, and the caput of the household. He decided to suppress Heathcliff, as he resented him, and decline him rights to basic demands, such as an instruction with the minister of religion. Much later, Heathcliff felt that because he was abused and mistreated by Hindley old ages ago, it is his right to squelch Hareton, his lone kid. This was all before Hindley ‘s passing. Alternatively of handling Hareton decently, as the nephew he is, Heathcliff oppresses Hareton, and treats him more like a retainer than a close relation. Legally, the Heights should ‘ve been inherited by Hareton, but Heathcliff had intervened and took over it by force. â€Å" In that mode Hareton, who should now be the first gentleman in the vicinity, was reduced to a province of complete dependance on his male parent ‘s inveterate enemy † ( Bronte 183 ) . Heathcliff had interfered with Hareton ‘s legal rights, and in making so, took over Wuthering Heights, and finally Thrushcross Grange every bit good. Oppression can frequently spur choler in the victim taking to ruinous consequences. Fury has led to many jobs in both novels, oftentimes which have black consequences. Two characters that have extended choler direction jobs are Hamlet, and Heathcliff. Throughout the novel, Heathcliff ‘s fury seems to hold been spurred on from his early childhood, due to Hindley ‘s relentless maltreatment. This changeless mistreatment had compounded over the old ages, and finally, Heathcliff had become a cruel, barbarian animal towards the terminal of his life. The same can be said for immature Hamlet, in his self-titled drama. From the beginning, he is portrayed as a meek young person, merely mourning his male parent ‘s decease. Subsequent being informed of his male parent ‘s slaying by agencies of his uncle, Hamlet ‘s sense of force additions with every passing scene. Similar to a scene from Shakespeare ‘s ain Macbeth, Hamlet name upon greater powers to do him go more violent: â€Å" Now could I imbibe hot blood, / And make such bitter concern o n this twenty-four hours / Would quiver to look on. / Let me be cruel, non unnatural / I will talk stickers to her, but use none † ( Shakespeare III.iii.374-6, 379, 380 ) . Here, his morality immensely changes from more inactive to more barbarous. This fury is exhaustively released through that concluding ‘friendly ‘ affaire d'honneur with Laertes, which culminates in the deceases of Hamlet, Laertes, and the King and Queen. A similar thought can be traced to Heathcliff ‘s life, where shortly after his lover Catherine had passed off, he had begun to turn more aggressive. Most of this choler was channelled towards Hareton, the lone kid he could mistreat as requital towards Hindley. The staying mistake had fallen onto younger Cathy, who Heathcliff had punished after she had become his captive. Even towards the terminal of his life, Heathcliff ‘s fury had dominated a bulk of his life style. His rage and force was curbed by cipher, non even his married woman , Isabella Linton. Out of choler, Heathcliff exclaims, â€Å" I have no commiseration! I have no commiseration! The more the worms writhe, the more I yearn to oppress out their visceras! It ‘s a moral dentition ; and I grind with greater energy, in proportion to the addition in hurting † ( Bronte 150 ) . His pitilessness finally leads to his bend to insanity, and finally, his ain decease. Fury is seen in both the drama and novel, in both of which lead to decease. This fury can construct up over clip, and culminate as being expressed in the signifier of retribution. The most common and strongest motive shared between these two texts is the impression of retaliation ; retaliation that oftentimes leads to decease. In Shakespeare ‘s drama, the shade of his male parent demands that Hamlet exact retaliation on his uncle, who had killed his male parent. â€Å" If 1000 didst of all time thy dear father love – / Revenge his most disgusting and unnatural slaying. † ( Shakespeare I.v.23, 25 ) Claudius has committed the ultimate wickedness, one found in the Bible: the slaying of Abel via his brother Cain. Hamlet believes that although his male parent ‘s decease should be avenged, it would be foolish to slay the King, supplying merely the absurd ground that ‘a shade told him to ‘ . The full drama is centered on immature Hamlet plotting his retaliation against Claudius, and continually wavering in carry throughing his male parent ‘s ghostly, profound bids. His retaliation is eventually enacted on the King when Haml et ‘s inevitable and sudden decease is realized, and he takes action and finalizes the class of action. Laertes, the late Polonius ‘ eldest, desires to seek retaliation against Hamlet, for he had by chance murder his male parent, and drove his sister, Ophelia, mad. Laertes ‘ purpose to kill Hamlet during their baronial swordfight gives rise to flush his ain death, as Hamlet picks up his poison-tipped blade and scratches him with it every bit good. Upon hearing of Claudius ‘ immorality secret plan to extinguish him, Hamlet takes affairs into his ain custodies and eventually executes his uncle, as his ghostly male parent had commanded. Heathcliff kept many scores throughout his old ages. The initial disturbance comes from Hindley ‘s changeless maltreatment of Heathcliff as a kid. This emotionally upsets him, although he keeps it bottled up until he returns from his three-year absence, to extort retaliation on his bedraggled brother. â€Å" Afterwards set tle my mark with Hindley ; and so forestall the jurisprudence by making executing on myself † ( Bronte 97 ) . Once he has taken over the Highs, and efficaciously the full Earnshaw household, he feels as though he has dealt with the state of affairs. Edgar and Isabella Linton had both made rude comments about Heathcliff ‘s race, being the lone dark adult male for stat mis. He had kept these verbal assaults in his head for a piece, until he had the power to extort retaliation upon them. Catherine betrays Heathcliff by get marrieding Edgar Linton. This greatly cholers Heathcliff, and alternatively of harming his true love Catherine, he decides to take his choler out on Isabella Linton, Edgar ‘s sister. After Isabella and Edgar Linton dice, Heathcliff still does non experience satisfied with his retribution. He so continues to demand retaliation on his ugly brother ‘s boy, Hareton. But even so, his choler is fuelled by his lover Catherine ‘s decease. After his boy, Linton, is forced to get married immature Cathy, Heathcliff unleashes more choler on her, by insulating her from society in her room. At around this clip, he feels as though he has achieved his ain Eden. â€Å" My old enemies have non beaten me ; now would be the precise clip to avenge myself on their representatives – I could make it, and none could impede me. But where is the usage? I do n't care for contact, I ca n't take the problem to raise my manus! † ( Bronte 306 ) . Heathcliff feels as though he had the opportunity now to demand retaliation on more people who had angered him throughout the old ages, but finds no usage to it. His life is approaching to an terminal, and this retribution would be ineffectual. Finally, one time Heathcliff had breathed his last and his retaliation had all been exhausted, the falling action begins. Retaliation throughout both literary plants lead to the deceases of legion characters, including Hamlet, Laertes, Claudius, Gert rude, Hindley, Isabella, Edgar, and Linton. The subjects of the suppression of young person, fury, and retaliation have profound effects in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights, both of which cause legion deceases. Hamlet and immature Fortinbras are suppressed by their uncles, while Heathcliff does most of the subjugation against his unsought relations. This spurs fury in Hamlet, whilst Heathcliff ‘s fury increased exponentially throughout the novel. These furies lead to avenge against other household members ; Heathcliff against the young person of the novel, and Hamlet against his King and female parent. Both these texts portion these common subjects, which strengthen the secret plan as a whole, and increase the suspense and machination of the reader, doing them instant literature classics.

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies Questions for Discussion 1. Which of the different product mix pricing strategies discussed in the text applies best to Payless’s new strategy? : The strategy for setting a product’s price changes when the product is the part of a product mix. Firms are look for a prices that maximizes the profits on the total product mix. There are five product mix pricing strategies for the firms. Product line pricing, optional-product pricing, captive-product pricing, by-product pricing and product bundle pricing. In this case, Payless used product line pricing strategy. A product line pricing strategy is a strategy in which the management sets the price steps between various products in a product line based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluation of different features and competitors prices. Payless used to have only limited lines of shoes and began to lose their customers. However, the company hired to CEO, Matt Rubel and he started to redesign the Payless. He changed the image of Payless, dusty dungeon of cheap footwear into the fun, and fashionable footwear. Therefore, Payless succeed to attract some new customers. 2. How do concept such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Payless’s strategy deviate from these concepts? : A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics; the price is used to say something about the product. For example, $19. 99 or $9. 99 sort of â€Å"odd prices† that can round of by one last digit number. With the new line and new strategy, Payless increase the price of their products. However, if the suddenly change their price by increasing a lot, customers would not feel comfortable and they wouldn’t like it at all. So, they can use this kind of strategy of Psychological pricing so still increasing of prices but make their customers comfortable. 3. Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both Payless and the designers. Which of these two strands to lost the most? : Payless redesign their logo and launched a new store format, ‘Fashion Lab’ and ‘Hot Zone’. So they changed their image as more fashionable and trendy from cheap dusty dungeon footwear. Payless now are making the store more open, light, and airy. This strategy attracted new customers and it has been successful. However, because of these advertisement in magazines and new retails launchings, increasing of the prices of products get necessary. So, they have some risks to lose their old customer who enjoyed their cheap/affordable footwear. Another risk for the designer is that they will be loses their job or has bad reputations if Payless fail in the market with their new strategy. Since, designers work in Payless for fulltime job. 4. Consider the scale on which Payless operates. How much of a price increase does Payless need to achieve in order to make this venture worthwhile? In this case, Payless should consider the company expenses, competitor and cost inflation. Opening of new stores and advertisements cost money. Therefore, Payless need to increase the price to cover the increasing expenses. Payless also have to consider their competitor products. If they increase to much compare to their competitors, they might lose some customers so always have to keep on eyes on competitors products. Also, Payless can use consumer’s reference prices to set the price. They increase product’s quality and design so customers should to find out the differences of products changes.

An analysis of aldis strategy

An analysis of aldis strategy Introduction In 1948, the brothers Theo and Karl Albrecht opened the grocery store ‘Albrecht Discounts’ (Aldi) in Essen (Ruhr Valley), Germany. The store had a simple layout and provided a great deal of products at a low price. The company grew rapidly, owning 13 stores in 1950 and about 300 stores in 1961 across Germany. In 1961, Theo and Karl divided the company into Aldi North (run by Theo) and Aldi South (run by Karl). The reasons for this division, according to Dieter Brandes, a former managing director of Aldi in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were different views about how to develop the business. However, the brothers normally exchanged information about a range of issues such as performance and cost figures, current and potential suppliers and they also conducted joint negotiations with suppliers. In 2003, Theo and Karl resigned as CEOs. Theo’s son, Theo Albrecht Jr, now runs Aldi North, and Juergen Kroll and Norbert Podschlapp run Aldi South. Since the â €˜Spend a little Live a lot’ message is being known by more and more people, and Aldi has been obtained ‘Best Supermarket 2009 Award’ in 2009, Aldi has become one of most reputable retailer in the international business, and it operates over 7,000 stores worldwide. Considering of this situation, it would be interesting to understand and analyse the management strategies of Aldi. Therefore, my project will analyse management strategies of Aldi which operates a discount supermarket chain in the retail industry. The paper begins by using PEST analysis, Porter’s 5 forces analysis and Competitors’ analysis to analyse the environment of supermarket industry. The next section is to analyse the strategic capability of Aldi. The following section discusses purpose of Aldi, and the final section draws recommendations for improvement of Aldi’s strategy. Section 1: Environmental Analysis PEST analysis Based on using a PEST analysis, it is likely to re cognize the core environmental influences on Aldi. Firstly, it is well-known that the major economic factor is the global recession which originally caused by the United States housing bubble during the period from 2005 to 2008. This financial event has been to strongly motivate customers who begin to purchase inexpensive products with high quality. This means that Aldi will attract a great deal of customers without advertising and doing activities of sales promotion. Because of this situation, it is not necessary to conduct new strategies for the growth of customers. On the other hand, global recession possibly result in the increase of product’s cost, thus there is a doubt of whether Aldi could sale low-price products with good quality. Therefore, Aldi should consider this problem in order to ensure future growth. Furthermore, social factors impact on Aldi includes the change in consumer taste, some of lifestyle changes and health concerns. It is clear that in recent years more and more consumers start changing their taste, for instance, an increasing demand for organic foods and ban of GM foods. Aldi should consider this factor because it may impacts on the future products’ development of strategy. Moreover, there is not doubt that some of lifestyle changes such as home shopping and interest usage might increase online shopping, thus according to this factor, Aldi possibly invest more funds to enhance their online service and delivery’s service. Recently, health concern has become a key issue around the world, so consumers tend to purchase health products without worrying about the price. For example, BSE outbreak precipitated ban of British beef (Elliott, 2005).

The significance of the lady in Black and her two Lovers Essay

The significance of the lady in Black and her two Lovers - Essay Example What Walker is also suggesting is that the feminist strivings are not exclusive of broader political seeking of equality. Indeed, the two causes are intricately connected and partly explain why Vyry and her two lovers are showcased in same scenes in the novel. (Graham 96) Apart from this symbolic display of solidarity, another reason why these characters appear together is to contrast their different mindsets and attitudes. In other words, there seem to be diversity of personality and character within the larger common objective of freedom. To illustrate, in one passage Innis Brown responding to his wife Vyry states â€Å"Just like you can make candles and soap and feather beds, rag rugs, and quilts, and spin and weave and sew, and cooking was your main job, I learned to do a lot, of things sides working in the fields." (Walker as quoted in Cash 78) The message here is one of establishing the dichotomy between the masculine and the feminine. The other dichotomies that these pairings bring out are those of â€Å"black versus white, rich versus poor, empowered versus disempowered, enslaved versus free†. (Beaulieu 15) Margaret Walker, writing in the middle of the twentieth century, factors an additional pair into the list, namely, legally enslaved versus legally free. One crucial way in which the genre of slave narrative is revised in Jubilee is the attention paid to the personal (especially the romantic) facets of Vyry’s difficult life. This is accomplished by showcasing the relationship between Vyry and her two lovers at several points in the work. Vyry’s loyalties are thoroughly tested as she is made to choose between â€Å"her loyalty to her first husband and her white family and loyalty to her second husband and her children. She is guided by her Christian ethics in arriving at a practical rather than radical resolution of the conflict.† (Bell 289) Her great virtues are best illustrated as she

Information Systems Management & Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Systems Management & Quality - Essay Example This report and the involved case study incorporate computer and information technology plus their application into government projects. The main points of focus are the ability of computer systems to operate effectively when employed on relevant scenarios. The evident exposition here is the failure of the specified projects. Their failures have been attributed to by several issues ranging from technology to management and both. Moreover the National Audit Office has a number of stipulations in its desire for elimination of central government wastage or overspending and improvement of success rates of the projects (Liebowitz & Khosrowpour 2007). In the past, the government has succumbed significantly due to the consequences of unproductive plans that have been deficient of the ability to progress. Considering their progressions, it implies that the projects might have not been capable of delivering as per the expectations of their initial aims (Khosrowpour 2006). Similarly, the inabi lity to succeed might also lie on the projects tendency of accruing losses. In this case the latter is more significant for considerations since both of the selected case studies have the basic facet. The case studies selected for analysis are the independent learning accounts and the pathway. Comprehensively, the independent learning accounts incorporate a scenario that led to the loss of ?97 million whilst the pathway associated a loss of 1 billion Euros. In this instance, the citation convinces the logic of seeking an appropriate means of curbing the situation that might transpire into such losses both presently and in the future (Liebowitz & Khosrowpour 2007). The Independent Learning Accounts Let us assess the specific instances of the projects. First, the independent learning accounts and as a government project. This was the 2001 system offering adults ?150 for educational use was abandoned after fraudsters coined millions in fake applications. The independent learning accoun ts were a system designed to offer adults funds for educational reasons (Schwalbe 2010). In this case, the system failed when the fraudsters succeeded in compromising its effectiveness and obtain benefits from it leading to the government loss. However, this project was chosen since it involves the loss of money from external fraudsters who depends on their skills for malicious gains (NAO 2012). This is the main point for the projects preference since it outlines the major point of scenario that the fraudsters use currently in obtaining benefits they do not merit from genuine projects. This problem is rampant virtually in all situation organizations and by attaining its remedy would assist in resolving other related problems in other scenarios. Management Issues Concerning the management issues leading to the failure of projects, there was poor testing in the case of independent learning accounts project. It is imperative to understand that the project developers and the experts per form series of testing processes of the project (Khosrowpour 1999). The tests are aimed at determining the flaws and formulating technical means of curbing them. In this case technology is the main consideration and the security of a system is imperative for contemplation. According to Madeley (1991), security has to be tested in all perspectives because the system is conveyed via the network and usually users would try the effectiveness of the system as well as detection and blockage of security

Building Background and Comprehensible Input Essay

Building Background and Comprehensible Input - Essay Example It is important to acknowledge that teachers must meet the needs of English learners while addressing the needs of the mainstream student. This is quite a task but one that is possible to tackle. This lecture will address strategies that are essential for English learners to acquire content knowledge and improve academic language proficiency but these strategies will be beneficial to all learners. The lessons: Building Background and Comprehensible Input are both very good tools for teaching students especially those who are at the "maturing" stage. However, as both are being asked to be rated, the verdicts are as of follows: Comprehensible Input lesson received a 95% while Building Backgrounds received 100%. Now, as for the explanations; taking into consideration all the aspects of teaching and learning, the first topic which was Building Backgrounds received the perfect score because it is the root of all the teaching and learning process that transfer from one teacher to the student. Without this, all the effort that the professor gives out will be futile. Building Backgrounds is what its title says; making a sturdy base for the learning of the students. As the description goes, it is important for teachers to consciously incorporate techniques for students to acquire content knowledge and vocabulary content simultaneously. The Comprehensible Input or what you call the dig estive system of the mind is the result of a very good lesson planning. A very well thought-of lesson will stay in the minds of the students for a very long time and it may possibly be their pushing force of the thing that drives them most. It may be hard at first but thinking of lesson plans is actually easy if professors include the students in thinking up ideas for the lesson plan. With this, the students will be able to participate in the decision-making of their classes and thus, be motivated in studying and listening more to the studies because they are the ones who have thought of it in the first place. The Comprehensible Input on the other hand, is solely based on the process of Building Backgrounds. The students will not simply absorb the lessons if the structure of the topic is not attractive and barely retainable in the minds or the students. What is needed here is that the lessons should be highly retainable in terms that the students will remember it for the longest time and that it will be embedded in their minds and will be used for their future. Now, that is the purpose why students are being placed in an institution called, schools and universities. So that in times when the parents can no longer support the growing years of their children, the schools will be there to maintain the foundation that was set up by the family. So in other words, the school becomes the second home of the children. As for the effectiveness of each lesson, it has been established in the previous paragraphs the importance and the uses of the said lessons. However, as have been discussed, only one lesson

Treatment Of Clostridium Difficile Infection Health And Social Care Essay

Treatment Of Clostridium Difficile Infection Health And Social Care Essay As a nurse working in acute medical ward for elderly, I work closely with patients with C. difficile infection. I have noticed the effect of C. difficile infection in elderly can be fatal. C. difficile is a gram positive anaerobic bacillus. They colonise in the oxygen deficient areas of the body. That can cause life threatening conditions, including diarrhoea, colitis and septicaemia and resulting death. C. difficile infection can cause serious illness and a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality. It is a major cause of hospital acquired diarrhoea. C. difficile infection can cause serious illness and hospital outbreaks .It can cause significant financial burden on NHS. It is estimated that the increased length of hospital stay itself can cause an excess of around  £4,000 per patient. The number of death certificates mentioning C. difficile infection in England and Wales fell by 29% between 2007 and 2008 ,after increasing every year since records began in 1999(National Statistics,2008). According to Weston (2007), Clostridium difficile was first identified in 1935s, but until the late 1970s it was not identified as the cause of pseudo membranous colitis following antibiotic therapy. C. difficile infection is more common in elderly (over the age of 65). People who have a long stay in health care settings, those who have recently had gastrointestinal surgery and those who have a serious underlying illness that compromises their immune system are also at high risk to get C. difficile infection. In-patients are also at high risk if there are hospital outbreaks. Poor infection controls are also an important risk factor. Causes Antibiotics are considered as the most important cause for C. difficile infection. Any antibiotic can cause C. difficile infection, but Broad spectrum cephalosporins, broad spectrum penicillin and clindamycin are most frequently implicated. The second most commonly named antibiotic is Co amoxiclav (Health Protection Agency, 2008). The use of proton pump inhibitors such as lansoprazole, omeprazole and pantoprazole are also potential risk factor for C. difficile infection (Leonard et al., 2007). The disruption of normal harmless bacteria in the gut, because of antibiotic therapy also allows the C. difficile to multiply to greater number. The bacteria start to produce toxins. The antacids suppress the gastric acid secretion and as a result, C. difficile bacteria, including the spores are less likely destroyed. The reason for community associated C. difficile infection was unclear but it is become clear that the reasons for the majority of the infections are associated with antibiotic pr escriptions or hospitalisation (Wilcox et al., 2008). Transmission The transmission is through faecal-oral route. The infected patients acquire the organisms directly from other patients with diarrhoea. The route of transmission may be direct, via the hands of health care workers or via the hands of patients or via the environment. Asymptomatic people who are colonised with C. difficile are also can be able to transmit the disease. About 3% is the colonisation rate in healthy adults, but this increases to nearly 20 % in older people especially in chronic care wards. The spore form of C. difficile can survive in the environment for five months or more on hard surfaces. It is considered that the primary route of transmission of C. difficile infection via healthcare workers hand. Clinical features and pathogenesis The most important clinical feature is sudden onset of offensive smelling diarrhoea during a course of antibiotic or who had antibiotics with in the previous two months. Patients may pass soft or watery stool more than twice daily or in more severe cases more than 20 times accompanied by severe abdominal cramps (Weston, 2007). Abdominal distension, fever and dehydration may also be present in more severe cases. Unless C. difficile is diagnosed, the patients can be miss- diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. C. difficile infection is a major health problem worldwide that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Healthy adults carry around 500 species of bacteria in the colon, 90% of which are harmless (Weston, 2007). C. difficile colitis results from the disruption of normal colonic flora and C. difficile colonises in the oxygen deficient areas of intestine. The spores are able to replicate and produce toxins that can lead to mucosal damage and inflammation. In a healthy adult t he normal colonic flora inhibit the growth and colonisation by C. difficile. The antibiotic therapy may disrupt the normal flora and allow the C. difficile to colonise very rapidly. After colonisation the organisms produces two protein exotoxins( Toxin A, an enterotoxin and Toxin B , a cytotoxin) in to the colonic lumen. These are responsible for diarrhoea and colitis. Toxin A binds to the receptors in the intestine and cause extensive tissue damage, inflammation and oedema. Both toxins posses cytotoxic activity against cultured cells by same mechanisms but they differ in cytotoxic potency, toxin B is generally 1000 times more potent than toxin A and to play a major role in activating inflammatory repose (Weston, 2007). Toxin B is more important than toxin A in the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection in man. According to lab test reports there are 100 different types of c difficile stains. The most recognised epidemic types is ribotype 027.The most important feature of ribotype 027 is hypertoxin production, 10 to 20 times more toxin than other stains. The C. difficile infection caused by ribotype 027 are more likely to be severe with increased complications such as renal impairment, severe colonic dilatation and sepsis (Freeman et al., 2007).The clinical features include increased severity of illness, failure to respond to antibiotics ,abdominal distension. Raised CRP and rising WCC particularly in patients who may have appeared to respond to antibiotics and deterioration in condition and appears to have higher mortality rate. Diagnosis Laboratory studies of stool sample will help to detect c difficile infection. Stool culture will help to detect the presence of difficile with toxin production. Stool enzyme immunoassay (ELISA)will detect both of the toxins ( A or B). For toxin B Stool cytotoxicity assay will be positive.Endoscopy may demonstrate ,but it is the least sensitive for diagnosing C. difficile as compared to stool assays., Sigmoidoscopy alone may not reveal any abnormality if the disease is confined to the right colon. Colonoscopy is more useful. Because of the risk of perforation Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy is contraindicated in patients with colitis (Weston, 2007). Treatment The treatment of C. difficile infection depends on the severity of the illness. At my work place, the patient is closely monitored and isolated. A stool chart is maintained using Bristol Stool Chart. All antibiotics that are not required are stopped. This will help the normal bacteria to thrive again in the gut. If any patient develops C. difficile infection at my work place, we conduct a thorough investigation for the causes and we notify the antibiotic management team to review the patient. The team will review the patient in the ward (rounds Wed/Fri.) or via the phone. There will be a root cause analysis to find why the patient developed C. difficile infection? In some patients fluid and electrolyte replacement and nutrition review may also be necessary. In mild cases of C. difficile infection, patients are monitored for 48 hrs before starting antibiotics. In severe cases, antibiotics may need to be administered immediately. Metronidazole and Vancomycin are the two preliminary ant ibiotics used in the treatment of the infection (Weston, 2007). Usually a 7 to 10 day of therapy is required. Oral metronidazole 400mgs eight hourly for seven to ten days is the first line of treatment. It is contraindicated in women who are pregnant or who are breast feeding. The most recognised side effects of the metronidazole are an unpleasant metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, headache, pruritus, rashes, dizziness and reversible neutropenia. Vancomycin is known to cause the spread of vancomycin resistant bacteria. Vancomycin is used for severe, life threatening cases of C. difficile infection. It is also used for patients unable to tolerate metronidazole and failed treatment with metronidazole. Vancomycin is expensive. Oral vancomycin is not completely absorbed or metabolized in the gut and is excreted in the stool unchanged. This is ideal in the treatment of C. difficile infection. The recommended oral vancomycin doses for adults are either 125mg or 500mg four times daily. The use of a rectal vancomycin enema (500mg diluted in 1000ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection) is also an alternative. A recurrence of symptomatic disease with re infection occurs in 5-20% cases. Management of repeated relapses is more difficult. The options include slow tapering of vancomycin or metronidazole over a period of six weeks and vancomycin combined with rifampicin for seven days. There are also case reports of successful treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin which contains antibodies to c difficile toxins. The studies shows oral administration of limited bacteria or yeast helps to reconstitute the gut flora and there is a potential to prevent infection.The ability of these organisms to colonize and also to prevent and treat the c.difficile is unclear. (Department Of Health, 2009). Surgery may be needed for small number of cases especially if C. difficile infection progress to fulminant colitis and perforation. Loperamide (anti diarrhoea drug) is contraindicated for C. difficile infection because this will slow down the clearing of toxic bacteria (Weston, 2007). Prevention Control Preventing the spread of C. difficile can be challenging as hospitals tend to have an increasing population of elderly, debilitated and susceptible persons, which naturally increases the number susceptible hosts within the environment. Isolation Isolation should be implemented in conjunction with the infection prevention and control measures to minimise the risk of spread to other vulnerable groups. Private room/side room is recommended, especially for patients who are fecally incontinent. Cohort symptomatic C. difficile associated disease patients only with other symptomatic C. difficile infected patients, to minimise environmental contamination. Patients with C. difficile infection may be moved to other rooms or bays when the diarrhoea ceases (no diarrhoea at least 48 hours) (Department Of Health, 2009 and Health Protection Agency, 2009). Hand washing Barrier nursing Contact precautions should be used for C. difficile infected patients with diarrhoea. Proper hand washing is essential. Alcohol-based hand gels are not effective in reducing the spread of the organism and are not recommended. Disposable gloves and aprons should be worn when caring for the patients. It is recommended that not to share the equipments between the patients. It is a good practice to inform healthcare workers and visitors that a patient is on contact precautions, such as labelling the door of the room, without disturbing patients privacy. Last year we (My work place) spent  £1,280.32 for soap, alcohol, gel and moisturiser. Environmental Cleaning The environment of a patient with C. difficile infection should be cleaned thoroughly at least twice per day. An approved hospital disinfectant-detergent should be used for all environmental cleaning. Terminal cleaning (stage cleaning) of ward area is essential after the discharge or transfer or death of a patient with C. difficile infection. (My ward) Decontamination of equipment Do not share equipments among patients to prevent cross infection. Commodes and bedpans are heavily contaminated with spores and are considered as vehicles of cross infection in C. difficile outbreaks. It is ideal that symptomatic patients have their own commodes or toilet facilities. Proper disinfection must be essential. Transfer of Patients Transfer of patients with C. difficile infection or disease to another ward, unit, or to the long term care facility must be informed prior to the transfer that the patient has C. difficile infection. Same notice must accompany transfer of patients with C. difficile infection to a long term care facility (Department Of Health, 2009). It is not necessary to have absence of diarrhoea or negative stool cultures before the transfer of a C. difficile patient to a long term care facility. On the patients discharge, we need to notify the primary care physician (My ward). Rectal Thermometers Since the outbreaks C. difficile in hospitals and long term care facilities, rectal thermometers are restricted to use. For the routine use Electronic tympanic thermometers are recommended (Department Of Health, 2009) Education Ward should conduct training programmes to the health care staff. Ensure that patient / family information leaflets are given out. Anti microbial management team It is the responsibility of the hospital trust to develop anti microbial management team. That should consist of a consultant microbiologist, pharmacist and prescriber. The trust also needs to develop restrictive antibiotic guidelines. These guidelines specifically need to address to avoid the use of broad spectrum cephalosporin, broad spectrum penicillin and clindamycin especially in elderly and minimise the use of fluroquinolones, carbapenems,that we follow in my work place. It is also a good practice to have an infection control link nurse to each and every ward. It is their responsibility to do proper training for staffs and auditing the clinical area. Outbreaks of C. difficile infection in Long Term Care Facilities An outbreak of C. difficile infection is defined as three or more cases of symptomatic C. difficile infection mainly in the same area of the hospital ward within a period of seven days. Infected patients should be placed in isolation room or cohorted. Patient(s) can be removed from precautions if there is no diarrhoea .There is no need to wait for negative stool culture to remove the patent from precautions. An education program regarding C. difficile infection and its transmission and prevention should be conducted to all health care workers. Need to highlight the use of gloves and aprons and moreover proper hand washing. The health care facility need to monitor for any significant episodes of C. difficile infection, and then need to liaise with local health department for further assistance (Walker K et al., 1993). Possible Solution Conducting education programmes and workshops for health care workers and public to increase the awareness of C. difficile infection can contribute a major role in reducing the number of C. difficile infection cases within the healthcare system. Need special attention to personal hygiene. The primary route transmission is via the hands of healthcare workers and other patients and residents. It is very important to perform proper hand washing and barrier nursing (gloves, gowns). Environmental hygiene is also very important factor in controlling C. difficile infection. Regular and proper cleaning of patient rooms with anti bacterial cleaning agents is essential as C. difficile toxins can stay in the environment for several months. Changing the way doctors prescribe antibiotic therapy is also an important strategy in control the C. difficile infection. Because C. difficile infection is always associated with the use of antibiotics, It is also recommended to have an antimicrobial management team for each hospital (Department Of Health, 2009). In cases of recurrent C. difficile infection experts agree that the non antibiotic treatment have a positive impact. The use of toxin binders neutralises the effect of toxin producing stains and to helps the intestinal flora to restore .Tolevamer, developed by Genzyme Corporation is the first non antibiotic treatment approved for C. difficile infection (www.mediscape.com). Mandatory surveillance of C. difficile infection in the United Kingdom When looking at surveillance reports, many of the hospitals in the UK have been affected with outbreaks of C. difficile.  We can see that the large increase in the number is between 2000 and 2007.It is the responsibility of the  hospitals in the UK has to measure and report to the Department of Health.  The surveillance should include the number of positive cases, number of severe infections, the number of required surgery cases and number of deaths. The surveillance of C. difficile infection is taking to get a target for 30% reduction from 2007/2008 numbers by 2010/2011.  In 2007-2008, there were 55,498 cases reported across England. In 2008-2009, the cases reported dropped to 36,095. i.e., cases dropped by 35%. Last year our target (My hospital and my community) was 180. The number of cases reported was 171, 98 of which are from hospital (7 cases from my ward).This year, the target is 155. Social, economic and political issues. C. difficile infection is expensive to the NHS. The total identifiable increased cost of C. difficile infection causes an excess of  £4000 per case. Such high costs can be used to justify expenditure on personnel and/or other control measures to reduce the incidence of this hospital-acquired infection. There are notable outbreaks of c. difficile infection worldwide since 2003.Outbreaks was reported in Montreal, Quebec and Calgary, Alberta, in Canada. Approximately 1400 cases affected, death count 36 89.A similar outbreak reported at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in the United Kingdom between 2003 and 2005, in which 33 patients died. In 2007 Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust was heavily criticized by the Commission, have heightened media and made public awareness. In 2009, four deaths reported at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Ireland also thought to have links to Clostridium difficile infection. The prevention and control of C. difficile infection in health care settings is bec ome a global public health challenge.(Health Protection Agency 2009) Conclusion C. difficile infection is a major problem in hospitals that is associated with the use of antibiotics. C. difficile infection also recognised as one of the major health care associated infection. It is estimated that C. difficile infection affects between 40000-60000 people in the UK every year. The prevention and control of C. difficile infection is very important. The three main elements of prevention are: Need to restricted use of antibiotics; Strict isolation precautions and barrier nursing when looking after patients with diarrhoea and Through cleaning of clinical areas. Poor hand washing is known to play a key role in the spread of infection. Hand washing facilities in the hospitals such as the number of hand washing sinks and their position, and type of taps are also need to be inspected. Hand washing protocols is low in many hospitals. C. difficile infection needs treatment only if it is symptomatic. Most of the people make full recovery and in rare cases the infection can be fatal. Infection control teams need to develop education programmes to improve compliance and regular auditing. It is everybodys business to participate to prevent and control C. difficile infection with in the health care system. The health care workers need to follow the hospital infection control policy.

Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh, Hesiods Theogony, and Ovids Metamorp

Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh, Hesiod's Theogony, and Ovid's Metamorphoses   Ã‚   There are many parallels between the Epic of Gilgamesh, Hesiod's Theogony, and Ovid's Metamorphoses. The first similarity is immediately apparent: structure. We can view the structure of the Gilgamesh story as three concentric circles: a story within a story within a story. In the outer circle, a narrator prepares the audience for the primary narrative, contained within the second circle: the tale of Gilgamesh's adventures. Within this second circle a third narrative, the flood story, is told to Gilgamesh by Utanapishtim. Ovid's Metamorphoses is told in a similar way: Ovid starts out by telling of his intention and invoking the gods' help to tell the story. He then tells many tales as the primary narrative, and within the primary narrative exists other narratives, such as "Venus tells Adonis the story of Atalanta" in Book 10. Even Hesiod's Theogony is similar to some extent. He has a bit of a prologue in which he explains how the Muses have inspired him to write of the creat ion, and then he enters the primary creation narrative. This method of storytelling does a variety of things. First, it prepares the reader to accept the story. In Gilgamesh, the narrator tells us that Gilgamesh has set down his adventures in his own hand. This leads the reader to accept the story as an authoritative one, especially considering it has come from a mortal, like us, who is part god. Because Gilgamesh is part god, we realize that if he can accept his lot in life, his mortality, then we mere mortals should be able to do the same. In Theogony, Hesiod prepares his audience to accept the story by telling (ad nauseum) that the Muses have worked through him to create... ...M.E.L. Early Mesopotamia and Iran. McGraw-Hill: New York, 1965. Ovid. Metamorphoses. Trans. Rolfe Humphries. Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1983. Rosenberg, Donna. "Gilgamesh." World Mythology: An Anthology of the Great Myths and Epics. 3rd ed. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1999. 26-57. Swisher, Clarice. The Ancient Near East. Lucent Books: San Diego, 1995. Works Consulted The "Epic of Gilgamesh": An Outline. Online. 15 Feb. 2000. http://www.hist.unt.edu/ane-09.htm Sumerian Mythology FAQ. Online. 15 Feb. 2000. http://webster.unh.edu/%7Ecbsiren/sumer-faq.html Gardner, John and John Maier. Gilgamesh: Translated from the Sin-leqi-unninni version. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. Harris, Stephen L. â€Å"Gilgamesh.† The Humanist Tradition in World Literature. Ed. Stephen Harris. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1970.