Nonwoven Hollow Fibers to Improve Cars Interior Acoustic Properties free essay sample

Two kinds of fibers were used, polyester and hollow polyester fibers, both of 6 denier, to produce three different fabrics of 100% polyester fibers, 75% polyester/25% hollow polyester fibers, and 55% polyester45% hollow polyester fibers. Four fabric weights were produced: 300, 400, 500 and 600 g/m2. All samples were bonded using thermal bonding technique. More results were reached and most samples have achieved the expected results for example, samples produced with high percentage of hollow fibers have recorded the highest rates of sound absorption whereas samples produced with 100% polyester fibers have recorded the lowest rates. It was also found that there is a direct relationship between weight per m2 and sound absorption efficiency. Samples produced with 55% polyester/45% hollow polyester fibers and 600 g/m2 have achieved the best results. Keywords: Nonwoven Fabrics, Hollow Fibers, Cars Interior Acoustic Properties, sound Insulation 1. Introduction frequently used in automotive interiors to reduce heat levels (Imfeld et al. as customers expect more comfort, better safety, good appearance (both externally and internally), high performance and good fuel mileage (Mukhopadhyay, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Nonwoven Hollow Fibers to Improve Cars Interior Acoustic Properties or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Textiles make a major contribution towards realizing customers’ expectations due to their advantages which made textiles a preferable material because of their high capacity to take moisture, adjustable porosity, high-pile fibrous surface, low-cost recycling, and the flexibility and diversity in combining textiles with other materials. Bottcher, 2005). Due to the diverse product range, automotive textiles can be classified into upholstery and carpeting (Desai ,2005) which have a decisive influence on acoustic comfort (Laser, 1997) interior components such as head liners, and doors and side panels (Desai, 2005) which are foam backed components to achieve easier installation and improve acoustical properties (Waugh, 1986) and tyres, safety devices (such as seat belts and airbags), filters and engine compartment items (Desai, 2005). When talking about textiles, most people think of clothing, home textile and the like. Only few think about the automotive industry (Wilkens, 2005). In fact, automotive textiles are considered one of the most important markets in the technical textiles sector (Mukhopadhyay, 2000). Over the last decades, the field of non-conventional textiles has been witnessing a material revolution which has resulted in improved and economical products (Tilgul, 1990). The automotive industry has become so competitive that manufacturers are reluctant to divulge precise details of their process for fear that textiles are widely used in transportation vehicles and systems, including cars, trains, buses, airplanes, and marine vehicle (Fung and Hardcastle , 2001) automotive textiles are growth markets in terms of quantity, quality and product variety (Parikh et al. , 2002). it could be helpful to their competitors. Industrial Motor vehicle remains an important means for individual transport worldwide. The interior of transportation vehicles is receiving more attention these days. Acoustical insulation products are * Corresponding author. Tel. : 0020105199359, Fax 0096664224273 E-mail address: [emailprotected] com (Ghalia El-Shenawy) 49 RJTA Vol. 16 No. 3 Aug 2012 1. 1. Noise in Cars Noise has become serious environment pollution in our daily life and is an increasing public health problem, as noise can cause erious health effects such as hearing loss, sleep disturbance, tiredness, cardiovascular and psychophysiologic problems and performance reduction. It is very important to control or reduce noise from traffic, and in factories, offices and houses (Lou et al. , 2005). Car noise is essentially caused by the unit sound, the exhaust system noise, the air suction, noise, rolling and wind noises (Helmer, 2002). Today, the dominant approach to achieving interior quietness relies to a large extent upon the ability to create impermeable enclosures around vehicle occupants through the use of several heavy interior layers (sound transmission loss), but recently a new concept has been emerged suggesting that sound can be reduced by replacing reflection (sound transmission loss) with dissipation (interior sound absorption area) by eliminating heavy barrier layers with light weight porous materials (Buskirk Middleton, 1999). Nonwoven is employed as fabrics for different kinds of interior applications. The numerous applications of nonwoven in cars can be classified into functional and aesthetic but there is a third category that of substitutes for other materials. Nonwoven can be made in a wide range of densities and different forms; the use of nonwoven is increasing because it offers great versatility and cost effectiveness (Adanur, 1995). Each vehicle requires about 20 m2 of nonwoven materials (Lou et al. , 2005) which are used specially for insulation, noise dissipation and as filter materials. Woven and knitted fabrics are also used in producing automotive fabrics but to a lesser extent compared to nonwoven fabrics (Hilden, 2002). 1. 2 Hollow Fibers (nitrogen) in the polymeric solution (in the wet spinning process) or by melt spinning through specially designed spinnerets (Hoechst Celanese Corporation , 1990). Hollow fibers provide greater bulk with less weight; they are therefore often used to make insulation fabrics (Tortora Phyllis, 2002). 2. 2. 1 The Experimental Work Specification of Samples Under Study In order to produce samples under study, the nonwoven technique was applied using cross-laid fiber orientation. Two kinds of textile materials were used: polyester and hollow polyester fibers, both of 6 denier, to produce three different fabrics of 100% polyester fibers, 75% polyester and 25 % hollow polyester fibers and 55% polyester/ 45% hollow polyester fibers. Four fabric weights were also produced: 300, 400, 500,and 600 g/m2 . All samples were bonded using thermal bonding technique (hot air method (by adding a small proportion of low–melting point polyester fibers (about 15% and melting point of 110oC). Tables (1) and (2) illustrate the specification of all sample production. 2. Tests Applied to Samples Under Study Hollow fibers are polymeric fibers that have a continuous hole running down the middle, which is created by the introduction of air or other gas In order to evaluate the performance properties of the produced samples, the following tests were carried out. Test 1: Sound absorption coefficient, this test was carried out according to the ASTM E 1050-1982. The sound (noise) absorption values (%) of samples under study were measured at 6 different frequencies: 125, 250, 500 Hz (low frequency tube) and 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (high frequency tube). Test 2: Air permeability, this test was carried out according to the (ASTM-D 4491-92) Test 3: Fabric thickness, this test was carried out according to the (ASTM- D -1777). 50 RJTA Vol. 16 No. 3 Aug 2012 Table 1. Specification of samples production Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Property Fiber type Fiber count Fiber length Fabrics material Web formation Fabric weight (g/m ) Bonding technique 2 Specification Polyester and hollow polyester fibers 6 denier 64 mm 100 % polyester fibers ,75 %polyester /25 % hollow polyester fibers and 55 % polyester / 45 % hollow polyester fibers. Cross-laid 300,400,500 and 600 Thermal bonding Table 2. Specification of all samples under study Sample no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fabric weight (g/m2) 300 300 300 400 400 400 500 500 500 600 600 600 Fabric material 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 100% polyester fibers 75% polyester /25% hollow polyester fibers 55% polyester /45% hollow polyester fiber 51 RJTA Vol. 16 No. Aug 2012 Table 3. Results of all tests applied to samples under study Tests Sound absorption (%) Air permeability (cm3/cm2/sec)

Sample Size Example

Sample Size Example Sample Size – Coursework Example Application of ANOVA in analysis of the impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric hospitalizations Psychiatric hospitalization Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a commonly used approach in testing of the equality of various means using variance (Derrick, 2008). This analysis of often based on a number of assumptions including: independence of the samples, equal variance in populations and that the populations from which the sample is extracted has a normal or near normal distribution (Derrick, 2008). This paper will apply ANOVA analysis in development of statistical assumptions defining the situation of the impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric hospitalizations. The paper will compare cases of psychiatric hospitalization before, during and after implementation of crisis intervention. In essence, the paper will seek to establish whether the means of the groups are equal and determine if there are any significant differences. The null hypothesis will be evaluated using one way ANOVA and assumes that the mean of two or more populations are equal (Stuttgart, 2007). It will questions whether (H0) the population means for all groups bear equality and whether the differences observed are a result of variations from random sampling (Brian, 2009). The data set to be used in this study is based on two groups. One groups is subjected to crisis intervention, the other group is will not be subjected to crisis intervention. The data will be collected for both groups before implementation of the crisis intervention, during implementation and after implementation. Mathematically, the expressions are expressed as follows:The study will adopt stratified systematic sampling whereby specific populations will be targeted for research. Sample consisting of 60 psychiatric patients will be considered whereby 30 will be subjected to a crisis intervention program while the other part of the targeted population will not be subjected to the crisis intervention program. Data on ho spitalization of both groups will be recorded before, during, and after implementation of the crisis intervention program. ReferencesBrian, S. (2009). Introduction to Statistics. London: McGraw HillDerrick, A. (2008). Research methods applicable to quantitative analysis of data (2th ed.). Worth publishers: New York. Green, S.B. & Salkind, N.J. (2008) Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data (5th ed.) Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey. Stuttgart, W. (2007). ANOVA application to case analysis.Journal of Statistics 14(2), pp. 123-126.

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Singular Possessive Apostrophe By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you please do a post on possessives versus plurals? Im seeing this mistake more and more, to the point where I saw someone use an apostrophe for a plural on a billboard. That wretched, wretched apostrophe! Why can’t we get it straight? The answer is complicated. In this post I’ll explain why the apostrophe is used to form the singular possessive. Its use with plurals will have to wait for another post. The apostrophe came into English from French in the 16th century. The French used the apostrophe to indicate elision: the dropping of a vowel letter. For example, in French l’heure, (â€Å"the hour†), the apostrophe stands in place of the a of the article la. English writers use the apostrophe in the same way, to replace letters in contractions like don’t for â€Å"do not,† and I’ll for â€Å"I will† or â€Å"I shall.† The use of the apostrophe in English would have been straightforward and not at all confusing if it hadn’t been for a complication already existing in the language: the breakdown of noun inflections. In Old English, nouns were spelled with different endings to indicate possession and number (singular or plural). Where modern English uses the apostrophe to show possession, OE used inflections. Here’s a rough idea; king’s horse = mearh cyninges (horse of king) king’s horses = mearas cyninges (horses of king) The -es inflection on cyninges is the equivalent of modern ’s. kings’ horses = mearas cyninga (horses of kings) Cyniga is plural; the inflection -a is the equivalent of putting an apostrophe on the plural kings. The loss of noun inflections has simplified English grammar, but it has also lumbered us with apostrophes to show possession. As early at the 13th century–long before the arrival of the apostrophe–English speakers had become confused about the possessive. Spoken, the possessive ending sounded like â€Å"is.† For example, â€Å"the kinges horse† sounded like â€Å"the king is horse.† Because the pronoun his was pronounced â€Å"is† in unstressed positions, the mistaken idea grew up that the possessive was formed of a noun plus his. In time, this notion enabled Shakespeare and his contemporaries to write constructions like this: [against] the count his galleys I did some service –Othello When the apostrophe was introduced into English orthography in the 16th century, constructions like â€Å"the count his galleys,† â€Å"James his throne,† and â€Å"the king his horse† gave way to â€Å"the count’s galleys,† â€Å"James’s throne,† and â€Å"the king’s horse.† In the mistaken notion that the apostrophe was replacing the word his, the singular possessive was born. The French sagely managed to avoid getting the apostrophe mixed up with the possessive by sticking with the â€Å"of the† construction, as in â€Å"la plume de ma tante†: â€Å"the pen of my aunt† (i.e., my aunt’s pen). We could save ourselves a lot of apostrophe grief by going back to â€Å"the horse of the king† and â€Å"the horses of the kings.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words26 Feel-Good Words8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Elimination of the Quality Issues and the Retention of Business Case Study - 5

Elimination of the Quality Issues and the Retention of Business - Case Study Example Quality is an aspect which has gained importance and recognition around the world. The three components of quality which are quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement on a constant basis have become the core functions of numerous organizations since consumers are now well informed and not ready to compromise on quality. As the case suggests, the quality standards set by Presto Cleaners clearly did not meet the consumers’ standards and resulted in a lot of problems for the consumers (Dale B, van der Wiele T, van Iwaarden J, 2007).   Quality standards, in this case, did not revolve around the quality of the product itself but the means used to communicate and transfer the service to the consumer. Quality management must then be implemented whereby quality assurance is guaranteed both with the products and the processes used to deliver the service altogether. Without the implementation of appropriate quality standards, preferably those that are in line with the principles and guidelines set by the ISO standards of quality, an organization will not be able to effectively conduct business and might even fail to retain let alone attract new business. This was exactly what happened in the case of Presto Cleaners; Mr. Shelton was not satisfied with the services Presto Cleaners had provided and demanded compensation for the loss incurred by him or else lose out on business.  The objectives for which one chooses a product or service maintain a direct link with quality i.e. if the purpose for which the service, in this case, is chosen is not fulfilled the consumer would face quality issues (Howard S. Gitlow, 2005). When the Presto Cleaners opened their doors to customers, Mr. and Mrs. Shelton chose this service mainly because of the convenient location, suitable working hours and most importantly the friendliness and helpful nature of the staff. However, the cost was higher than competitors located in the vicinity, the Shelton’s gave Pre sto preference because they wanted to seek the quality services even if they had to pay higher costs for it.

BUS law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

BUS law - Essay Example Once a police officer stops a vehicle for any kind of traffic offence, the basic standards as set out in Terry v Ohio must be followed. The first Terry condition stipulates that a traffic stop begins at the point when the vehicle is stopped and ends when the officer conducting the investigation tells the occupants that they can go. In Arizona v. Johnson, the standard that should be followed to an officer’s pat down of a passenger during a traffic stop is based on whether the officer reasonably suspects that the individual in question is armed and dangerous. The law does not require the officer conducting the investigation during a traffic stop to have a search warrant. His suspicion of the driver and/or passenger being armed and dangerous is enough to warrant a pat down. However, if the officer does not suspect the vehicle occupants of being armed and dangerous, then it would not be lawful to conduct a pat down as doing so would be infringing on the individual’s constit utional rights. Work Cited Supreme Court of United States. Arizona v. Johnson, 129 S. Ct. 781, 2009. Web. 18 July 2011.

Leading Strategic Program Management Essay Example for Free

Leading Strategic Program Management Essay Some people might say a good leaders is born that way. It is true that some individuals have a natural instinct to lead people, but they also have tools to help them in their success. In watching the movie Twelve O’clock High we see different types of leadership. Why is Colonel Keith Davenport’s leadership ineffective in comparison to General Frank Savage’s leadership? With all the men of the 918th Bomb Group loyal to Colonel Davenport, what steps does Gen Savage take to not only win their loyalty but make them an effective team? While working on a project is a lot different than fighting a war, we see how good leadership techniques, trust, good communication, developing leaders, and instilling a sense of pride can turn around the poorest of teams. If you have an ineffective leader, chances are the team will be ineffective. There were many deficiencies in Colonel Davenport’s leadership style. Colonel Davenport was more focused on each individual in his group than he was on the mission at hand. He had the loyalty of his men but failed to lead them. When one of his men failed to accomplish their mission or messed up, Colonel Davenport assumed responsibility and failed to discipline them. When Colonel Davenport received orders to push his men to the maximum potential, he wouldn’t, for fear of burning them out. While Colonel Davenport could not see his deficiencies in his leadership, it could be seen by the commanding General of the VIII Bomber Command, Eighth Air Force. General Pritchard brought Brigadier General Frank Savage in to see if he could fix not only the leadership problem but the productivity of the men in the 918th Bomb Group. When Brigadier Frank Savage arrived at the 918th Bomb Group he went right to work. One of the first items on his agenda was restoring the military standards that had become very laidback. We see this in a couple of scenes. He reprimands the gate guard for not checking his identification card upon entering the base. When he walks into his new office he catches Sergeant Mclllheny typing without his uniform top on. Brigadier General Savage immediately reduces him in rank and tells him why. Word soon travels around the base that they must adhere to the military standards and rules. Once Brigadier General Savage has made it clear that he will restore accountability and standards he calls a meeting to set his expectations clear. In this meeting Brigadier General Savage lets everyone know that they have a job to do and they need to stop feeling sorry for themselves. He tells everyone that from this point on they will be held accountable for their mistakes. Brigadier General Savage then informs everyone that since they are performing poorly, they will practice over and over again until they get it right. This infuriates the pilots and they immediately put in for a transfer. Once Brigadier General Savage has made his expectations clear, he begins gathering support from others. Major Stovall is the group Adjutant who works directly for Brigadier General Savage. Brigadier General Savage begins asking Major Stovall’s opinions on individuals in the unit. He takes the advice given to him by Major Stovall. Major Stovall begins to see that Brigadier General Savage is a great leader and he has a plan to get the 918th Bomb Group back on track. Major Stovall becomes a loyal hard working member of the 918th Bomb Group. He can see that Brigadier General Savage is committed to his job. A trust is built between the two men. â€Å"Trust is at the core of all meaningful relationships. Without trust there can be no giving, no bonding, no risk-taking† (Berkun, 2008, p. 242). He then begins to talk to the other men and gather support and trust for Brigadier General Savage. The next item on Brigadier General Savage’s agenda is to develop leaders in the 918th Bomb Group. When Brigadier General Savage is reviewing everyone’s personnel records he  notices that the second in charge is underperforming. Lt Colonel Ben Gately is immediately fired from his position and place in charge of a plane full of underachievers. He informs Lt Colonel Gately that he will receive every lazy nonperforming person who comes into the 918th Bomb Group. If Lt Colonel Gately wants to survive he needs to step up to the plate and become a good leader. The plane that Lt Colonel Gately is in charge of is called the Leper Colony. By doing this, Brigadier General Savage is giving Lt Colonel Gately a way to prove his leadership. This method of leadership works very well on Lt Colonel Gately, because he begins to perform exceptionally well. Lt Colonel Gately even flies with an injured spine. Brigadier General Savage can see the 918th Bomb Group is turning around into an effective unit. He then sets out to develop a sense of pride in the group. Savage praises them for their performance and what they have achieved as a group. He begins promoting excellence in everything they do. On days where there is no mission they practice to get it perfect. Individuals who show outstanding performance in the Leper Colony get promoted out and those who make mistakes move to the Leper Colony. Results from all their hard team work began to pay off. When the 918th Bomb Group goes on a dangerous mission they return with everyone. The whole unit is put in for a commendation. While Savage has turned the unit around he still has trouble communicating to his people. Communication is a major part of being an effective leader. While Savage has begun communicating very well with Major Stovall, he still had trouble communicating with his pilots and ground crew. Only when he finally sits down and communicates with a young pilot named Bishop, do the other pilots removed their request to be transferred to another unit. Savage was trying to keep his distance from his pilots. He felt that not becoming emotionally involved with his pilots would help create a barrier. Savage cared about every single person in his unit, but he kept his emotions inside which was the cause of his breakdown. Looking at a project manager or leader of a company, it is easy to see why you would want someone like Brigadier General Savage in charge. He arrived  at the 918th Bomb Group with a clear and direct sense of responsibility. He knew what he had to do and he knew it was not going to be a popularity contest. While Brigadier General Savage had trouble communicating to everyone, he understood his people, their motivations, and the emotions they were feeling. It is important when you are in charge of a project to know the people you will be working with. There needs to be trust between you and your employees. As the project manager when you say you will do something, you must ensure you follow through. Brigadier General Savage demanded that the members of the 918th Bomb Group give him loyalty, respect, integrity, and selfless service. He in turn not only gave the same right back, he gave them leadership, direction, and a sense of self-worth. By the time Brigadier General Savage left the 918th Bomb Group, they were able to continue their mission under any good leader who took over. As a leader, you have to take responsibility for the decisions you make. You must inspire your people and establish teamwork. Sometimes being a leader is not an easy job, but with the right set of tools you can be an effective leader. â€Å"Where there is no guidance the people fall, but in the abundance of counselors there is a victory† (Proverbs 11: 14). Reference Berkun, S. (2008). Making Things Happen. Sebastopol, CA: OReilly Media, Inc. New International Version. (1970). Thomas Nelson Inc.

Class Consciousness in Country Music :: Music Musical Class Essays

Class Consciousness in Country Music The term class consciousness, like any term which attempts to define group mentality, is somewhat imprecise. This lack of precision, of course, lends itself to the provocation of scholarly dispute. Historians of the labor movement in the United States have written volumes about both the meaning of class consciousness and the question of whether American workers possess it, however defined. While there are some demurs, most historians, including the non-Marxists, have accepted a Marxist interpretation of the term "class consciousness."1 Generally, Marxists insist that class consciousness is composed of two elements, a recognition by a particular group that they occupy a common, usually inferior, position within a society, and a commitment to changing that position through some type of political activity. "Class consciousness," according to an oft-cited definition by the English Marxist historian E.P. Thompson, "happens when some men, as a result of common experiences (inherited or sha red) feel and articulate the identity of their interests as between themselves, and as against other men whose interests are different from (and usually opposed to) theirs. The class experience is largely determined by the productive relations into which men are born or enter voluntarily.2 Regardless of how class consciousness is defined, most historians of the labor movement in the United States, Marxists and non-Marxists alike, agree that American workers never developed it. Their explanations of why this is so, however, vary. Some of the more acceptable explanations for this lack of class consciousness among American laborers are the racial and ethnic minorities within the work force, the greater social mobility of the American worker compared to that of his European counterpart and the generally higher wages received by American workers, which it is claimed, allows them to join the middle class. Recent historians have identified as a cause republican virtues nourished by the American Revolution which established a political democracy in the United States before the coming of the Industrial Revolution.3 The failure of American workers to become class conscious in the Marxist sense does not, however, indicate a willingness to accept the status quo. Rather American workers were acutely aware of their inferior economic and social status. The method they chose to improve their status was trade unionism, not politics. Trade unionism sprang from what Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor termed class awareness, a camaraderie among workers devoid of political consideration. This class awareness of American laborers, historians contend, is evident in the long, arduous and ultimately successful struggle to build a trade union movement.

Learning Team Deliverable Week

Walter and Traction. The customers and subscribers of the internet and cell phone service started sharing information with each other and decide to file a class action suit against Walter and Traction. Class Action Fairness Act (CAFE) is at the national level of Tort reform legislation. This type of legislation must consist of 1 00 members and citizen from various states. â€Å"Intentional tort disparagement is the publishing of a false statement of a material fact about a business's product or service† (Subtask, Browne,Heron, Geometry-Meyer, Barracks, Doge, & Williamson, 2012). Suggestion to President/Owner—-Divvies Hernandez Even though what Traction is doing is not illegal and I'm sure was clearly stated in the customer agreement that was signed by the customer its sometimes best to settle than to waist money and take your chances on someone else deciding whether the company should be help legally responsible. The owner or whomever is making the decisions should deci de on what the person or group of people are trying to get out of this case is worth settling on.If the complaint is that they weren't given what they thought they were given than the company may want to give them what they expected for the time period that the service was paid for. With prepay payment is usually made one month at a time so the company may want to give them a free month with the expectations they had with their service and clearly state what the future agreement will be after the settlement has been taken care of. The company will than need to change advertising and contract agreements disclosure to make sure this is prevented in the future.

Similar Motifs Between Wuthering Heights And Hamlet English Literature Essay

The human head is comprised of a myriad of personalities, emotions, and provinces, all of which greatly influence the manner we act. Many writers now explore these deep crevasses of the human mind, and show their overpowering power over others, changing the natural class of life greatly. Two such literary plants that investigate mental power are Hamlet and Wuthering Heights. William Shakespeare ‘s and Emily Bronte ‘s texts both have comparatively similar motives, the most outstanding of which are the suppression of young person, fury, and retaliation. The suppression of young person by their higher-ups can be seen in both transitions. Hamlet is usurped by his intriguing uncle Claudius, who stepped in to take the throne, even though it truly belonged to the immature prince. When Young Fortinbras of Norway was repressed by his uncle, who had besides taken the throne rightful to him, his uncle clearly had power over him, as Claudius announces, â€Å" we have here writ / to Norway, uncle of immature Fortinbras / – Who, impotent and bedrid, barely hears / Of this his nephew ‘s purpose – to supress / His farther pace herein † ( Shakespeare I.ii.27-31 ) . Claudius believes that the uncle does hold formidable power over Fortinbras and has the ability to discontinue his mobilisation of military personnels, if it be directed at Denmark. After the passing of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became the proprietor of the Heights, and the caput of the household. He decided to suppress Heathcliff, as he resented him, and decline him rights to basic demands, such as an instruction with the minister of religion. Much later, Heathcliff felt that because he was abused and mistreated by Hindley old ages ago, it is his right to squelch Hareton, his lone kid. This was all before Hindley ‘s passing. Alternatively of handling Hareton decently, as the nephew he is, Heathcliff oppresses Hareton, and treats him more like a retainer than a close relation. Legally, the Heights should ‘ve been inherited by Hareton, but Heathcliff had intervened and took over it by force. â€Å" In that mode Hareton, who should now be the first gentleman in the vicinity, was reduced to a province of complete dependance on his male parent ‘s inveterate enemy † ( Bronte 183 ) . Heathcliff had interfered with Hareton ‘s legal rights, and in making so, took over Wuthering Heights, and finally Thrushcross Grange every bit good. Oppression can frequently spur choler in the victim taking to ruinous consequences. Fury has led to many jobs in both novels, oftentimes which have black consequences. Two characters that have extended choler direction jobs are Hamlet, and Heathcliff. Throughout the novel, Heathcliff ‘s fury seems to hold been spurred on from his early childhood, due to Hindley ‘s relentless maltreatment. This changeless mistreatment had compounded over the old ages, and finally, Heathcliff had become a cruel, barbarian animal towards the terminal of his life. The same can be said for immature Hamlet, in his self-titled drama. From the beginning, he is portrayed as a meek young person, merely mourning his male parent ‘s decease. Subsequent being informed of his male parent ‘s slaying by agencies of his uncle, Hamlet ‘s sense of force additions with every passing scene. Similar to a scene from Shakespeare ‘s ain Macbeth, Hamlet name upon greater powers to do him go more violent: â€Å" Now could I imbibe hot blood, / And make such bitter concern o n this twenty-four hours / Would quiver to look on. / Let me be cruel, non unnatural / I will talk stickers to her, but use none † ( Shakespeare III.iii.374-6, 379, 380 ) . Here, his morality immensely changes from more inactive to more barbarous. This fury is exhaustively released through that concluding ‘friendly ‘ affaire d'honneur with Laertes, which culminates in the deceases of Hamlet, Laertes, and the King and Queen. A similar thought can be traced to Heathcliff ‘s life, where shortly after his lover Catherine had passed off, he had begun to turn more aggressive. Most of this choler was channelled towards Hareton, the lone kid he could mistreat as requital towards Hindley. The staying mistake had fallen onto younger Cathy, who Heathcliff had punished after she had become his captive. Even towards the terminal of his life, Heathcliff ‘s fury had dominated a bulk of his life style. His rage and force was curbed by cipher, non even his married woman , Isabella Linton. Out of choler, Heathcliff exclaims, â€Å" I have no commiseration! I have no commiseration! The more the worms writhe, the more I yearn to oppress out their visceras! It ‘s a moral dentition ; and I grind with greater energy, in proportion to the addition in hurting † ( Bronte 150 ) . His pitilessness finally leads to his bend to insanity, and finally, his ain decease. Fury is seen in both the drama and novel, in both of which lead to decease. This fury can construct up over clip, and culminate as being expressed in the signifier of retribution. The most common and strongest motive shared between these two texts is the impression of retaliation ; retaliation that oftentimes leads to decease. In Shakespeare ‘s drama, the shade of his male parent demands that Hamlet exact retaliation on his uncle, who had killed his male parent. â€Å" If 1000 didst of all time thy dear father love – / Revenge his most disgusting and unnatural slaying. † ( Shakespeare I.v.23, 25 ) Claudius has committed the ultimate wickedness, one found in the Bible: the slaying of Abel via his brother Cain. Hamlet believes that although his male parent ‘s decease should be avenged, it would be foolish to slay the King, supplying merely the absurd ground that ‘a shade told him to ‘ . The full drama is centered on immature Hamlet plotting his retaliation against Claudius, and continually wavering in carry throughing his male parent ‘s ghostly, profound bids. His retaliation is eventually enacted on the King when Haml et ‘s inevitable and sudden decease is realized, and he takes action and finalizes the class of action. Laertes, the late Polonius ‘ eldest, desires to seek retaliation against Hamlet, for he had by chance murder his male parent, and drove his sister, Ophelia, mad. Laertes ‘ purpose to kill Hamlet during their baronial swordfight gives rise to flush his ain death, as Hamlet picks up his poison-tipped blade and scratches him with it every bit good. Upon hearing of Claudius ‘ immorality secret plan to extinguish him, Hamlet takes affairs into his ain custodies and eventually executes his uncle, as his ghostly male parent had commanded. Heathcliff kept many scores throughout his old ages. The initial disturbance comes from Hindley ‘s changeless maltreatment of Heathcliff as a kid. This emotionally upsets him, although he keeps it bottled up until he returns from his three-year absence, to extort retaliation on his bedraggled brother. â€Å" Afterwards set tle my mark with Hindley ; and so forestall the jurisprudence by making executing on myself † ( Bronte 97 ) . Once he has taken over the Highs, and efficaciously the full Earnshaw household, he feels as though he has dealt with the state of affairs. Edgar and Isabella Linton had both made rude comments about Heathcliff ‘s race, being the lone dark adult male for stat mis. He had kept these verbal assaults in his head for a piece, until he had the power to extort retaliation upon them. Catherine betrays Heathcliff by get marrieding Edgar Linton. This greatly cholers Heathcliff, and alternatively of harming his true love Catherine, he decides to take his choler out on Isabella Linton, Edgar ‘s sister. After Isabella and Edgar Linton dice, Heathcliff still does non experience satisfied with his retribution. He so continues to demand retaliation on his ugly brother ‘s boy, Hareton. But even so, his choler is fuelled by his lover Catherine ‘s decease. After his boy, Linton, is forced to get married immature Cathy, Heathcliff unleashes more choler on her, by insulating her from society in her room. At around this clip, he feels as though he has achieved his ain Eden. â€Å" My old enemies have non beaten me ; now would be the precise clip to avenge myself on their representatives – I could make it, and none could impede me. But where is the usage? I do n't care for contact, I ca n't take the problem to raise my manus! † ( Bronte 306 ) . Heathcliff feels as though he had the opportunity now to demand retaliation on more people who had angered him throughout the old ages, but finds no usage to it. His life is approaching to an terminal, and this retribution would be ineffectual. Finally, one time Heathcliff had breathed his last and his retaliation had all been exhausted, the falling action begins. Retaliation throughout both literary plants lead to the deceases of legion characters, including Hamlet, Laertes, Claudius, Gert rude, Hindley, Isabella, Edgar, and Linton. The subjects of the suppression of young person, fury, and retaliation have profound effects in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights, both of which cause legion deceases. Hamlet and immature Fortinbras are suppressed by their uncles, while Heathcliff does most of the subjugation against his unsought relations. This spurs fury in Hamlet, whilst Heathcliff ‘s fury increased exponentially throughout the novel. These furies lead to avenge against other household members ; Heathcliff against the young person of the novel, and Hamlet against his King and female parent. Both these texts portion these common subjects, which strengthen the secret plan as a whole, and increase the suspense and machination of the reader, doing them instant literature classics.

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies Questions for Discussion 1. Which of the different product mix pricing strategies discussed in the text applies best to Payless’s new strategy? : The strategy for setting a product’s price changes when the product is the part of a product mix. Firms are look for a prices that maximizes the profits on the total product mix. There are five product mix pricing strategies for the firms. Product line pricing, optional-product pricing, captive-product pricing, by-product pricing and product bundle pricing. In this case, Payless used product line pricing strategy. A product line pricing strategy is a strategy in which the management sets the price steps between various products in a product line based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluation of different features and competitors prices. Payless used to have only limited lines of shoes and began to lose their customers. However, the company hired to CEO, Matt Rubel and he started to redesign the Payless. He changed the image of Payless, dusty dungeon of cheap footwear into the fun, and fashionable footwear. Therefore, Payless succeed to attract some new customers. 2. How do concept such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Payless’s strategy deviate from these concepts? : A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics; the price is used to say something about the product. For example, $19. 99 or $9. 99 sort of â€Å"odd prices† that can round of by one last digit number. With the new line and new strategy, Payless increase the price of their products. However, if the suddenly change their price by increasing a lot, customers would not feel comfortable and they wouldn’t like it at all. So, they can use this kind of strategy of Psychological pricing so still increasing of prices but make their customers comfortable. 3. Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both Payless and the designers. Which of these two strands to lost the most? : Payless redesign their logo and launched a new store format, ‘Fashion Lab’ and ‘Hot Zone’. So they changed their image as more fashionable and trendy from cheap dusty dungeon footwear. Payless now are making the store more open, light, and airy. This strategy attracted new customers and it has been successful. However, because of these advertisement in magazines and new retails launchings, increasing of the prices of products get necessary. So, they have some risks to lose their old customer who enjoyed their cheap/affordable footwear. Another risk for the designer is that they will be loses their job or has bad reputations if Payless fail in the market with their new strategy. Since, designers work in Payless for fulltime job. 4. Consider the scale on which Payless operates. How much of a price increase does Payless need to achieve in order to make this venture worthwhile? In this case, Payless should consider the company expenses, competitor and cost inflation. Opening of new stores and advertisements cost money. Therefore, Payless need to increase the price to cover the increasing expenses. Payless also have to consider their competitor products. If they increase to much compare to their competitors, they might lose some customers so always have to keep on eyes on competitors products. Also, Payless can use consumer’s reference prices to set the price. They increase product’s quality and design so customers should to find out the differences of products changes.

An analysis of aldis strategy

An analysis of aldis strategy Introduction In 1948, the brothers Theo and Karl Albrecht opened the grocery store ‘Albrecht Discounts’ (Aldi) in Essen (Ruhr Valley), Germany. The store had a simple layout and provided a great deal of products at a low price. The company grew rapidly, owning 13 stores in 1950 and about 300 stores in 1961 across Germany. In 1961, Theo and Karl divided the company into Aldi North (run by Theo) and Aldi South (run by Karl). The reasons for this division, according to Dieter Brandes, a former managing director of Aldi in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were different views about how to develop the business. However, the brothers normally exchanged information about a range of issues such as performance and cost figures, current and potential suppliers and they also conducted joint negotiations with suppliers. In 2003, Theo and Karl resigned as CEOs. Theo’s son, Theo Albrecht Jr, now runs Aldi North, and Juergen Kroll and Norbert Podschlapp run Aldi South. Since the â €˜Spend a little Live a lot’ message is being known by more and more people, and Aldi has been obtained ‘Best Supermarket 2009 Award’ in 2009, Aldi has become one of most reputable retailer in the international business, and it operates over 7,000 stores worldwide. Considering of this situation, it would be interesting to understand and analyse the management strategies of Aldi. Therefore, my project will analyse management strategies of Aldi which operates a discount supermarket chain in the retail industry. The paper begins by using PEST analysis, Porter’s 5 forces analysis and Competitors’ analysis to analyse the environment of supermarket industry. The next section is to analyse the strategic capability of Aldi. The following section discusses purpose of Aldi, and the final section draws recommendations for improvement of Aldi’s strategy. Section 1: Environmental Analysis PEST analysis Based on using a PEST analysis, it is likely to re cognize the core environmental influences on Aldi. Firstly, it is well-known that the major economic factor is the global recession which originally caused by the United States housing bubble during the period from 2005 to 2008. This financial event has been to strongly motivate customers who begin to purchase inexpensive products with high quality. This means that Aldi will attract a great deal of customers without advertising and doing activities of sales promotion. Because of this situation, it is not necessary to conduct new strategies for the growth of customers. On the other hand, global recession possibly result in the increase of product’s cost, thus there is a doubt of whether Aldi could sale low-price products with good quality. Therefore, Aldi should consider this problem in order to ensure future growth. Furthermore, social factors impact on Aldi includes the change in consumer taste, some of lifestyle changes and health concerns. It is clear that in recent years more and more consumers start changing their taste, for instance, an increasing demand for organic foods and ban of GM foods. Aldi should consider this factor because it may impacts on the future products’ development of strategy. Moreover, there is not doubt that some of lifestyle changes such as home shopping and interest usage might increase online shopping, thus according to this factor, Aldi possibly invest more funds to enhance their online service and delivery’s service. Recently, health concern has become a key issue around the world, so consumers tend to purchase health products without worrying about the price. For example, BSE outbreak precipitated ban of British beef (Elliott, 2005).

The significance of the lady in Black and her two Lovers Essay

The significance of the lady in Black and her two Lovers - Essay Example What Walker is also suggesting is that the feminist strivings are not exclusive of broader political seeking of equality. Indeed, the two causes are intricately connected and partly explain why Vyry and her two lovers are showcased in same scenes in the novel. (Graham 96) Apart from this symbolic display of solidarity, another reason why these characters appear together is to contrast their different mindsets and attitudes. In other words, there seem to be diversity of personality and character within the larger common objective of freedom. To illustrate, in one passage Innis Brown responding to his wife Vyry states â€Å"Just like you can make candles and soap and feather beds, rag rugs, and quilts, and spin and weave and sew, and cooking was your main job, I learned to do a lot, of things sides working in the fields." (Walker as quoted in Cash 78) The message here is one of establishing the dichotomy between the masculine and the feminine. The other dichotomies that these pairings bring out are those of â€Å"black versus white, rich versus poor, empowered versus disempowered, enslaved versus free†. (Beaulieu 15) Margaret Walker, writing in the middle of the twentieth century, factors an additional pair into the list, namely, legally enslaved versus legally free. One crucial way in which the genre of slave narrative is revised in Jubilee is the attention paid to the personal (especially the romantic) facets of Vyry’s difficult life. This is accomplished by showcasing the relationship between Vyry and her two lovers at several points in the work. Vyry’s loyalties are thoroughly tested as she is made to choose between â€Å"her loyalty to her first husband and her white family and loyalty to her second husband and her children. She is guided by her Christian ethics in arriving at a practical rather than radical resolution of the conflict.† (Bell 289) Her great virtues are best illustrated as she